North America Native Plant

Tilol

Botanical name: Garcinia matudae

USDA symbol: GAMA13

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: tree

Native status: Native to Pacific Basin excluding Hawaii  

Synonyms: Garcinia matudai Kaneh., orth. var. (GAMA14)  âš˜  Garcinia matsudai Kaneh., orth. var. (GAMA8)   

Tilol (Garcinia matudae): A Rare Pacific Island Native Worth Knowing If you’re passionate about Pacific island native plants, you may have stumbled across the intriguing tilol, scientifically known as Garcinia matudae. This lesser-known tree species represents the fascinating diversity of native flora found across the Pacific Basin, though it remains ...

Tilol (Garcinia matudae): A Rare Pacific Island Native Worth Knowing

If you’re passionate about Pacific island native plants, you may have stumbled across the intriguing tilol, scientifically known as Garcinia matudae. This lesser-known tree species represents the fascinating diversity of native flora found across the Pacific Basin, though it remains something of a mystery even to many plant enthusiasts.

What is Tilol?

Tilol is a perennial tree species native to select Pacific islands, specifically documented in Guam and Palau. As a member of the Garcinia genus (which includes the more famous mangosteen), this woody plant typically develops a single trunk and can reach heights greater than 13-16 feet under optimal conditions. Like many island natives, tilol has adapted to the unique environmental conditions of its Pacific island home.

Where Does Tilol Grow Naturally?

This native species has a limited natural range, currently documented in Guam and Palau within the broader Pacific Basin region. Its restricted distribution makes it a true Pacific island endemic, adapted to the specific climate and growing conditions of these tropical locations.

Should You Plant Tilol in Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit challenging. While tilol is undoubtedly a legitimate native species worthy of conservation and cultivation, there’s remarkably little information available about growing this tree in garden settings. This lack of horticultural knowledge presents both an opportunity and a challenge for adventurous native plant gardeners.

The Good News:

  • It’s a true native species, making it ecologically appropriate for Pacific island landscapes
  • As a tree species, it likely provides habitat value for local wildlife
  • Growing native species helps preserve regional plant diversity

The Challenges:

  • Very limited cultivation information available
  • Unclear availability through nurseries or seed sources
  • Unknown specific growing requirements and care needs

Growing Conditions (Best Estimates)

Based on its native range in Guam and Palau, tilol likely thrives in:

  • Tropical climates (USDA zones 10-12)
  • Warm, humid conditions year-round
  • Well-draining soils typical of Pacific island environments
  • Protection from harsh winds and salt spray

A Call for More Research

The limited information about tilol highlights an important point about native plant gardening: some of our most valuable native species remain understudied and underutilized in cultivation. If you’re in an appropriate climate zone and interested in this species, consider connecting with local botanical gardens, native plant societies, or university extension programs that might have more specific regional knowledge.

Alternative Pacific Native Trees

While you’re researching tilol, consider exploring other well-documented Pacific native trees that might serve similar landscape functions. Local native plant societies in Guam, Palau, and surrounding regions can provide excellent guidance on native alternatives with more established cultivation practices.

The Bottom Line

Tilol represents the exciting frontier of native plant cultivation – species that are ecologically important but horticulturally mysterious. While we can’t provide specific growing instructions due to limited research, this tree offers an opportunity for dedicated native plant enthusiasts to contribute to our understanding of Pacific island flora. If you decide to pursue growing tilol, document your experiences and share them with the broader native plant community. Every successful cultivation story helps preserve these unique island treasures for future generations.

Tilol

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Theales

Family

Clusiaceae Lindl. - Mangosteen family

Genus

Garcinia L. - saptree

Species

Garcinia matudae Kaneh. - tilol

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA