North America Native Plant

Three-angle Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis tricostata

USDA symbol: ELTR5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Three-Angle Spikerush: The Unsung Hero of Wet Gardens If you’ve been searching for a native plant that thrives in those perpetually soggy spots in your yard, let me introduce you to three-angle spikerush (Eleocharis tricostata). This understated perennial sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it’s absolutely brilliant at ...

Three-Angle Spikerush: The Unsung Hero of Wet Gardens

If you’ve been searching for a native plant that thrives in those perpetually soggy spots in your yard, let me introduce you to three-angle spikerush (Eleocharis tricostata). This understated perennial sedge might not win any beauty contests, but it’s absolutely brilliant at what it does – transforming wet, problematic areas into functional, ecologically valuable garden spaces.

What Exactly Is Three-Angle Spikerush?

Three-angle spikerush is a grass-like perennial that belongs to the sedge family (Cyperaceae). Don’t let its modest appearance fool you – this little powerhouse is a true native of the eastern United States, naturally occurring from Massachusetts down to Florida and stretching west to Louisiana and Michigan. It’s what botanists call an obligate wetland plant, which is a fancy way of saying it almost always lives in wet places.

Why Your Garden Might Need This Humble Hero

Here’s where three-angle spikerush really shines: it solves problems. Got a soggy corner where nothing else will grow? This plant will happily call it home. Planning a rain garden or trying to create habitat around a pond? Three-angle spikerush is your friend.

While it may not produce showy flowers or dramatic foliage, its slender green stems create a subtle, naturalistic texture that works beautifully in:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Pond and stream margins
  • Bog gardens
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Low-lying areas that flood seasonally

The Practical Stuff: Growing Conditions

Three-angle spikerush is refreshingly straightforward to grow – as long as you can meet its one non-negotiable requirement: consistent moisture. This plant is hardy in USDA zones 4-9, making it suitable for most temperate gardens.

Here’s what it needs to thrive:

  • Light: Full sun to partial shade (though it performs best with at least 6 hours of sunlight)
  • Soil: Consistently moist to wet soils; tolerates seasonal flooding
  • Water: Constant moisture is essential – think marsh conditions
  • Space: Forms small colonies through underground rhizomes

Planting and Care Tips

The best time to plant three-angle spikerush is in spring when the soil has warmed up. Here are some tips for success:

  • Plant in areas that stay consistently moist – never let the soil dry out
  • Space plants about 6-12 inches apart if you want quicker coverage
  • Once established, it’s remarkably low-maintenance
  • May self-seed in suitable conditions, gradually expanding its colony
  • No fertilizer needed – it’s adapted to nutrient-poor wetland soils

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

While three-angle spikerush is wind-pollinated (so it won’t attract butterflies and bees directly), it provides valuable ecosystem services. Its dense root system helps prevent soil erosion, filters water runoff, and creates habitat structure for small wildlife. Waterfowl and other wetland birds may use the seeds as food, and the plant provides cover for small amphibians and aquatic insects.

Is Three-Angle Spikerush Right for Your Garden?

This plant isn’t for everyone, and that’s perfectly okay. If you’re looking for flashy blooms or dramatic foliage, you’ll want to look elsewhere. But if you have wet areas where other plants struggle, if you’re interested in native plant gardening, or if you want to create habitat for wetland wildlife, three-angle spikerush could be exactly what you need.

Think of it as the quiet, dependable friend of the plant world – not the life of the party, but absolutely invaluable when you need someone (or something) you can count on to get the job done.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Eastern Mountains and Piedmont

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Northcentral & Northeast

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Three-angle Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis tricostata Torr. - three-angle spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA