North America Native Plant

Thoroughwort

Botanical name: Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum

USDA symbol: EUPI3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Puerto Rico  

Synonyms: Eupatorium eugenei Small (EUEU2)  âš˜  Eupatorium pectinatum Small (EUPE12)  âš˜  Eupatorium smithii Greene & C. Mohr (EUSM2)   

Thoroughwort: A Rare Native Hybrid Worth Knowing About If you’re a native plant enthusiast who loves discovering botanical rarities, you might be intrigued by thoroughwort (Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum). This perennial forb represents one of nature’s fascinating hybrid experiments – a cross between thoroughwort species that creates something uniquely its own. While ...

Thoroughwort: A Rare Native Hybrid Worth Knowing About

If you’re a native plant enthusiast who loves discovering botanical rarities, you might be intrigued by thoroughwort (Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum). This perennial forb represents one of nature’s fascinating hybrid experiments – a cross between thoroughwort species that creates something uniquely its own. While it may not be the flashiest plant in your garden center, this native beauty has a story worth telling.

What Exactly Is This Plant?

Thoroughwort is a perennial forb, which simply means it’s a non-woody plant that comes back year after year. As a member of the Eupatorium family, it shares DNA with some well-known native wildflowers, though this particular hybrid is much less common than its parent species. You might also see it listed under several synonyms in botanical references, including Eupatorium eugenei, Eupatorium pectinatum, and Eupatorium smithii.

Where Does It Call Home?

This thoroughwort is native to the southeastern United States, naturally occurring in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. Interestingly, it’s also been introduced to Puerto Rico, where it has established itself and reproduces without human intervention.

The Challenge of Growing a Botanical Mystery

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit frustrating for gardeners who like detailed growing guides. Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum is one of those plants that botanists know exists, but practical growing information is surprisingly scarce. This is often the case with naturally occurring hybrids that aren’t widely cultivated or studied.

What we do know is that as a native plant, it evolved to thrive in southeastern conditions. Like most thoroughworts, it likely prefers:

  • Moist to moderately wet soils
  • Partial sun to full sun exposure
  • Natural or naturalized garden settings rather than formal landscapes

Should You Plant It?

The honest answer? It’s complicated. While this thoroughwort is native and presumably beneficial to local ecosystems, finding plants or seeds can be quite challenging. Most nurseries won’t carry such a specialized hybrid, and even native plant societies might have limited experience with it.

If you’re determined to add this species to your garden, your best bet is connecting with botanical gardens, native plant societies, or specialist growers in the Southeast. However, make sure any plants you acquire are ethically sourced – we don’t want to impact wild populations of an already uncommon plant.

Consider These Alternatives

If you’re drawn to the thoroughwort family but want more readily available options, consider these well-documented native alternatives:

  • Joe Pye Weed (Eutrochium species) – spectacular fall bloomers beloved by butterflies
  • Late-flowering Thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum) – excellent for late-season pollinators
  • White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) – shade-tolerant with delicate white flowers

The Bottom Line

Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum represents the fascinating complexity of native plant communities, where species occasionally cross to create unique hybrids. While it’s a legitimate native plant worthy of conservation and study, it’s probably not the best choice for most home gardeners simply due to availability and lack of cultivation information.

Instead, consider it a reminder of how much botanical diversity exists in our native landscapes – and perhaps inspiration to support organizations working to document and preserve these lesser-known species. Sometimes the most valuable plants are the ones that remain mysterious, quietly doing their ecological work while we’re busy planting showier cousins.

Thoroughwort

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Eupatorium L. - thoroughwort

Species

Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum Elliott [capillifolium × perfoliatum] - thoroughwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA