North America Native Plant

Tetralophozia Filiformis

Botanical name: Tetralophozia filiformis

USDA symbol: TEFI4

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Tetralophozia filiformis: The Thread-Like Liverwort You Might Already Have If you’ve ever taken a close look at the damp, shady corners of your garden—particularly around rocks, fallen logs, or stone walls—you might have encountered a tiny, thread-like plant that looks almost like green hair. Meet Tetralophozia filiformis, a native North ...

Tetralophozia filiformis: The Thread-Like Liverwort You Might Already Have

If you’ve ever taken a close look at the damp, shady corners of your garden—particularly around rocks, fallen logs, or stone walls—you might have encountered a tiny, thread-like plant that looks almost like green hair. Meet Tetralophozia filiformis, a native North American liverwort that’s probably been quietly doing its job in your landscape without you even noticing!

What Exactly Is Tetralophozia filiformis?

Don’t worry if you’ve never heard of this little guy—most gardeners haven’t! Tetralophozia filiformis is a liverwort, which puts it in the same ancient plant family as mosses and hornworts. These aren’t your typical flowering plants; they’re some of Earth’s oldest land plants, having been around for over 400 million years. Think of them as the wise elders of the plant kingdom.

The filiformis part of its name gives away its most distinctive feature—it’s incredibly thin and thread-like. If you’re lucky enough to spot it, you’ll see delicate, hair-thin strands that form small, sparse patches on moist surfaces.

Where You’ll Find This Native Gem

As a native North American species, Tetralophozia filiformis has been calling this continent home long before our gardens existed. You’ll typically find it in temperate and boreal regions across North America, thriving in the cool, moist conditions it loves.

Is It Good for Your Garden?

While you probably won’t be rushing to your local nursery to buy Tetralophozia filiformis (spoiler alert: they won’t have it), this tiny liverwort actually provides some subtle benefits to your garden ecosystem:

  • Helps prevent soil erosion on rocky surfaces and slopes
  • Contributes to the microscopic soil community that supports larger plants
  • Indicates healthy, unpolluted air quality—liverworts are sensitive to air pollution
  • Adds to your garden’s biodiversity at the ground level

How to Identify Tetralophozia filiformis

Spotting this liverwort requires a bit of detective work and possibly a magnifying glass! Here’s what to look for:

  • Size: Extremely small—we’re talking just a few millimeters
  • Appearance: Thread-like, almost hair-thin strands
  • Color: Bright to dark green
  • Habitat: Moist, shaded areas on rocks, rotting wood, or occasionally soil
  • Growth pattern: Forms small, sparse patches rather than dense mats

Creating Conditions Where It Might Thrive

While you can’t exactly plant Tetralophozia filiformis, you can create conditions in your garden that might encourage it to appear naturally:

  • Maintain shaded, moist areas with good air circulation
  • Leave some natural stone or wood surfaces undisturbed
  • Avoid using chemical treatments in areas where you’d like to see natural biodiversity
  • Consider it a sign of a healthy, balanced ecosystem if it shows up on its own

The Bottom Line

Tetralophozia filiformis isn’t a showstopper that will transform your garden’s curb appeal, but it’s one of those quiet, hardworking natives that contributes to the complex web of life in your outdoor space. If you discover it growing naturally in your garden, consider yourself lucky—you’re hosting a piece of ancient botanical history!

Rather than trying to cultivate it, simply appreciate it as part of your garden’s natural diversity. After all, the best gardens are those that support life at every level, from the towering trees down to the tiniest thread-like liverworts quietly doing their part in the ecosystem.

Tetralophozia Filiformis

Classification

Group

Liverwort

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Hepaticophyta - Liverworts

Subdivision

Hepaticae

Class

Hepaticopsida

Subclass

Jungermanniae

Order

Jungermanniales

Family

Jungermanniaceae Rchb.

Genus

Tetralophozia (R.M. Schust.) Schljakov

Species

Tetralophozia filiformis (Steph.) Urmi

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA