North America Native Plant

Tall Tonguefern

Botanical name: Elaphoglossum alatum var. alatum

USDA symbol: ELALA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Tall Tonguefern: A Rare Hawaiian Endemic Worth Protecting Meet the tall tonguefern (Elaphoglossum alatum var. alatum), a fascinating and rare fern species that calls the Hawaiian Islands home. This perennial beauty represents one of nature’s more elusive treasures, making it a plant that’s more likely to spark your curiosity than ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘

Tall Tonguefern: A Rare Hawaiian Endemic Worth Protecting

Meet the tall tonguefern (Elaphoglossum alatum var. alatum), a fascinating and rare fern species that calls the Hawaiian Islands home. This perennial beauty represents one of nature’s more elusive treasures, making it a plant that’s more likely to spark your curiosity than fill your garden beds.

What Makes This Fern Special?

The tall tonguefern belongs to the tongue fern family, and true to its name, it’s a native Hawaiian species that has evolved specifically in this unique island ecosystem. As a perennial fern, it lacks the showy flowers we often associate with garden plants, but what it lacks in blooms, it makes up for in its distinctive foliage and ecological importance.

Where You’ll Find It

This endemic species is found exclusively in Hawaii, where it has adapted to the islands’ unique growing conditions over thousands of years. Its presence is a testament to Hawaii’s incredible biodiversity and the specialized plant communities that have developed in isolation.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s where things get interesting – and important. The tall tonguefern has a Global Conservation Status of S3T2T3, which indicates it’s quite rare and potentially vulnerable. This means that while you might be intrigued by this unique Hawaiian native, it’s not a plant you should casually add to your wish list.

If you’re absolutely determined to grow this species, you must ensure any plant material comes from responsible, ethical sources. Never collect from wild populations, and work only with reputable native plant societies or conservation organizations.

Garden Role and Landscape Use

Given its rarity, the tall tonguefern is better appreciated in its natural habitat or in specialized conservation collections rather than typical home landscapes. However, understanding its ecological role helps us appreciate why protecting it matters:

  • Contributes to Hawaii’s unique fern diversity
  • Supports the complex understory ecosystem of Hawaiian forests
  • Represents thousands of years of evolutionary adaptation

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to Hawaiian native ferns for your landscape, consider working with local native plant societies to identify more common Hawaiian fern species that can be ethically sourced. Many Hawaiian ferns offer similar aesthetic appeal without the conservation concerns.

Supporting Conservation

The best way to grow your appreciation for the tall tonguefern is to support Hawaiian native plant conservation efforts. Consider:

  • Donating to Hawaiian botanical gardens and conservation organizations
  • Participating in native habitat restoration projects
  • Learning about and growing more common Hawaiian native plants
  • Spreading awareness about the importance of endemic species protection

The Bigger Picture

While you probably won’t be planting tall tonguefern in your backyard anytime soon, learning about rare species like this one reminds us why native plant gardening matters. Every time we choose native plants over non-natives, we’re supporting the complex web of relationships that sustain local ecosystems.

The tall tonguefern may be a rare gem that’s best admired from afar, but it serves as an important reminder of the incredible diversity that native plant communities offer – and our responsibility to protect these natural treasures for future generations.

Tall Tonguefern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Dryopteridaceae Herter - Wood Fern family

Genus

Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. - tonguefern

Species

Elaphoglossum alatum Gaudich. - tall tonguefern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA