North America Native Plant

Tall Cottongrass

Botanical name: Eriophorum angustifolium angustifolium

USDA symbol: ERANA3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to Greenland âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to St. Pierre and Miquelon  

Synonyms: Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. var. coloratum Hultén (ERANC2)  âš˜  Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. var. giganteum Hultén (ERANG2)  âš˜  Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. var. majus F.W. Schultz (ERANM)  âš˜  Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. ssp. scabriusculum Hultén (ERANS)  âš˜  Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. ssp. subarcticum (Vassiljev) Hultén ex Kartesz & Gandhi (ERANS2)  âš˜  Eriophorum komarovii V.N. Vassil. (ERKO2)  âš˜  Eriophorum polystachion L., nom. utique rej. (ERPO6)   

Tall Cottongrass: A Native Wetland Beauty for Your Garden If you’re looking to add some serious drama to your wetland garden, tall cottongrass might just be your new best friend. This fascinating native sedge brings a touch of whimsy to any landscape with its distinctive white, fluffy seed heads that ...

Tall Cottongrass: A Native Wetland Beauty for Your Garden

If you’re looking to add some serious drama to your wetland garden, tall cottongrass might just be your new best friend. This fascinating native sedge brings a touch of whimsy to any landscape with its distinctive white, fluffy seed heads that dance in the breeze like tiny cotton balls on sticks.

What Is Tall Cottongrass?

Tall cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium angustifolium) is a perennial sedge that’s as hardy as it is charming. Don’t let the name fool you – it’s not actually a grass at all, but rather a member of the sedge family. This grass-like plant has earned its place in the hearts of native plant enthusiasts across North America.

Native Status and Where It Grows

Here’s the exciting part for native plant lovers: tall cottongrass is genuinely native across an impressive range. You’ll find this beauty naturally occurring from Alaska down through Canada, across Greenland, and throughout many of the northern United States. It’s also native to St. Pierre and Miquelon.

Specifically, tall cottongrass grows naturally in Alberta, British Columbia, Alaska, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Colorado, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Labrador, and Newfoundland.

The Garden Appeal

What makes tall cottongrass truly special is its show-stopping seed heads. In summer, the plant produces clusters of bright white, cotton-like tufts that create an almost magical effect in the landscape. These fluffy seed heads catch the light beautifully and provide movement and texture that’s hard to match with other plants.

The plant works wonderfully in naturalistic designs where you want to create that wild meadow look without actually going wild. It’s perfect for gardeners who appreciate subtle beauty over flashy blooms.

Where Tall Cottongrass Thrives

This plant is all about the water – and we mean that literally. Tall cottongrass has an obligate wetland status in Alaska, meaning it almost always occurs in wetlands. If you’re planning a rain garden, bog garden, or any type of wetland restoration project, this native should definitely be on your list.

It’s ideally suited for:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Bog gardens
  • Pond margins
  • Naturalized wetland areas
  • Low-lying areas that stay consistently moist

Growing Conditions and Care

The secret to success with tall cottongrass is simple: keep it wet. This plant thrives in consistently moist to wet, acidic soils and can handle everything from full sun to partial shade. It’s remarkably low-maintenance once you get the water situation figured out.

Tall cottongrass is hardy in USDA zones 2-7, making it suitable for gardeners in colder climates where many other wetland plants might struggle. Once established, it requires minimal care beyond ensuring adequate moisture.

Planting Tips for Success

When planting tall cottongrass, think like the plant – it wants to be where water naturally collects. Choose the lowest, wettest spot in your garden, or create a rain garden specifically for wetland natives like this one.

Plant in spring when soil temperatures warm up, and don’t be afraid to plant it right at the water’s edge. This isn’t a plant that will complain about wet feet – quite the opposite!

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

While tall cottongrass is wind-pollinated and doesn’t attract pollinators in the traditional sense, it provides valuable habitat and food sources for wildlife. The seeds feed various birds, and the plant structure offers nesting materials and shelter for small creatures.

As a native species, it supports local ecosystems in ways that non-native alternatives simply can’t match, making it an excellent choice for environmentally conscious gardeners.

Should You Plant Tall Cottongrass?

If you have wet areas in your landscape and want to work with nature instead of against it, tall cottongrass is an excellent choice. It’s native, low-maintenance, and provides unique visual interest that you won’t get from typical garden plants.

However, if your garden is on the dry side, this probably isn’t the plant for you. Don’t try to force it into inappropriate conditions – there are plenty of other beautiful natives better suited to drier sites.

For those with the right conditions, tall cottongrass offers the perfect combination of native authenticity, ecological value, and distinctive beauty. Sometimes the best garden additions are the ones that remind us of the wild places we love.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Alaska

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Tall Cottongrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eriophorum L. - cottongrass

Species

Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. - tall cottongrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA