North America Native Plant

Swallen’s Curly-mesquite

Botanical name: Hilaria swallenii

USDA symbol: HISW

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Swallen’s Curly-Mesquite: A Tough Native Grass for Water-Wise Gardens If you’re looking for a low-maintenance, drought-tolerant grass that’s perfectly suited to arid landscapes, let me introduce you to Swallen’s curly-mesquite (Hilaria swallenii). This hardy perennial grass might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s definitely one of ...

Swallen’s Curly-Mesquite: A Tough Native Grass for Water-Wise Gardens

If you’re looking for a low-maintenance, drought-tolerant grass that’s perfectly suited to arid landscapes, let me introduce you to Swallen’s curly-mesquite (Hilaria swallenii). This hardy perennial grass might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s definitely one of the most resilient—and that’s exactly what makes it special.

Meet This Desert Survivor

Swallen’s curly-mesquite is a true native of the American Southwest, naturally occurring in New Mexico and Texas. As a member of the grass family, this perennial forms distinctive low-growing clumps with curled, grayish-green leaves that give it its common name. Don’t expect it to stay green year-round, though—this clever grass goes dormant during dry periods, a survival strategy that’s served it well in harsh desert conditions.

Where Does It Call Home?

This specialized grass has made its home in the Chihuahuan Desert region, thriving in the challenging conditions of New Mexico and Texas. It’s perfectly adapted to areas where other grasses simply can’t survive.

Why You Might Want to Grow Swallen’s Curly-Mesquite

Here’s where this unassuming grass really shines:

  • Ultra drought-tolerant: Once established, it needs virtually no supplemental water
  • True native plant: Supports local ecosystems and wildlife
  • Low maintenance: Perfect for gardeners who want beauty without the fuss
  • Erosion control: Those tough roots help hold soil in place
  • Unique texture: The curled foliage adds interesting visual texture to landscapes

Perfect Garden Matches

Swallen’s curly-mesquite isn’t meant for every garden, but it’s absolutely perfect for these situations:

  • Xerophytic or desert-themed gardens
  • Native plant landscapes
  • Areas with poor, rocky, or sandy soils
  • Slopes or areas prone to erosion
  • Water-wise landscapes and drought gardens
  • Natural or wildland-style plantings

Growing Conditions and Care

The beauty of Swallen’s curly-mesquite lies in its simplicity. This grass thrives in conditions that would stress many other plants:

  • Sunlight: Full sun is essential
  • Soil: Well-draining soils are a must—it won’t tolerate wet feet
  • Water: Minimal once established; extremely drought-tolerant
  • Climate: Best suited for USDA hardiness zones 7-10

Planting and Care Tips

Getting Swallen’s curly-mesquite established is straightforward if you follow these guidelines:

  • Plant in fall or early spring when temperatures are moderate
  • Ensure excellent drainage—amend heavy clay soils with sand or gravel if needed
  • Water lightly during establishment, then back off significantly
  • No fertilization needed—this grass prefers lean soils
  • Allow it to go dormant naturally during dry periods
  • Minimal pruning required; remove dead material in late winter if desired

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

While Swallen’s curly-mesquite is wind-pollinated (so it won’t attract butterflies like wildflowers do), it still provides valuable habitat structure for small wildlife and birds. Its dense, low-growing habit offers shelter and nesting sites, making it a worthy addition to wildlife-friendly gardens.

Is This Grass Right for You?

Swallen’s curly-mesquite is ideal if you’re gardening in arid conditions, want to reduce water usage, or are creating a native plant landscape in its natural range. However, it’s not the best choice if you want a lush, green lawn-like appearance or live in a humid climate where it won’t thrive.

For gardeners in New Mexico and Texas looking to embrace water-wise landscaping with truly local plants, Swallen’s curly-mesquite offers an authentic piece of the desert ecosystem that’s both beautiful and incredibly practical. Sometimes the toughest plants make the most rewarding garden companions!

Swallen’s Curly-mesquite

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Hilaria Kunth - curly-mesquite

Species

Hilaria swallenii Cory - Swallen's curly-mesquite

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA