North America Native Plant

Succulent Owl’s-clover

Botanical name: Castilleja campestris succulenta

USDA symbol: CACAS5

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Orthocarpus campestris Benth. var. succulentus Hoover (ORCAS)  âš˜  Orthocarpus succulentus (Hoover) Hoover (ORSU)   

Succulent Owl’s-Clover: A Rare California Treasure Worth Protecting Meet the succulent owl’s-clover (Castilleja campestris succulenta), a fascinating little wildflower that’s as unique as its name suggests. This isn’t your typical garden center find – it’s actually a rare subspecies that calls California’s coastal salt marshes home. Before you start planning ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: United States

Status: S4?T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Inexact rank: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Threatened: Experiencing significant population decline or habitat loss that could lead to its endangerment if not addressed. ⚘

Region: United States

Succulent Owl’s-Clover: A Rare California Treasure Worth Protecting

Meet the succulent owl’s-clover (Castilleja campestris succulenta), a fascinating little wildflower that’s as unique as its name suggests. This isn’t your typical garden center find – it’s actually a rare subspecies that calls California’s coastal salt marshes home. Before you start planning where to plant it in your yard, though, there’s something important you need to know about this special native.

What Makes This Plant Special

Succulent owl’s-clover belongs to the paintbrush family and shares the characteristic colorful bracts that make Castilleja species so eye-catching. As an annual forb, it completes its entire life cycle in just one growing season, putting on a brief but beautiful show before setting seed for the next generation.

You might also see this plant referenced by its scientific synonyms, including Orthocarpus campestris var. succulentus or Orthocarpus succulentus, names that reflect its botanical history and relationships to other similar species.

Where You’ll Find It (And Where You Won’t)

This rare beauty is native to California and nowhere else. It has adapted to very specific coastal salt marsh environments, making it a true habitat specialist. Unlike many wildflowers that can adapt to various garden conditions, succulent owl’s-clover has evolved to thrive in the unique conditions found only in these threatened coastal ecosystems.

A Conservation Concern

Here’s the important part: Succulent owl’s-clover has a threatened conservation status in the United States. This means its populations are declining and the species faces real risks in the wild. Its specialized habitat requirements and the ongoing loss of coastal salt marshes make this little wildflower particularly vulnerable.

Because of its threatened status, we strongly recommend against attempting to grow this plant in home gardens, even if you could somehow replicate its very specific growing conditions. Instead, the best way to appreciate and support this species is through:

  • Supporting coastal habitat conservation efforts
  • Visiting natural areas where it grows (respectfully and without disturbing plants)
  • Choosing alternative native Castilleja species for your garden

Garden-Friendly Alternatives

If you’re drawn to the charm of paintbrush flowers, consider these more garden-appropriate native Castilleja species instead:

  • Indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea) for eastern gardens
  • Desert paintbrush (Castilleja chromosa) for arid western landscapes
  • Prairie fire (Castilleja purpurea) for grassland gardens

These alternatives can provide similar aesthetic appeal while being more suitable for cultivation and not putting pressure on threatened wild populations.

The Bigger Picture

Succulent owl’s-clover reminds us that not every native plant is destined for our gardens – and that’s perfectly okay. Some species play their most important role by staying wild, maintaining the intricate web of relationships that keep natural ecosystems healthy. By protecting the coastal salt marshes where this rare annual thrives, we’re not just saving one species, but preserving an entire community of specialized plants and animals.

Sometimes the best way to garden with natives is to garden responsibly, choosing plants that can thrive in cultivation while supporting conservation of those that belong in the wild. Succulent owl’s-clover falls firmly in the latter category – a treasure worth protecting right where nature intended it to be.

Succulent Owl’s-clover

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja campestris (Benth.) T.I. Chuang & Heckard - vernal pool Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA