North America Native Plant

Subterranean Indian Breadroot

Botanical name: Pediomelum hypogaeum var. hypogaeum

USDA symbol: PEHYH

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Psoralea hypogaea Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (PSHY)  âš˜  Psoralea scaposa (A. Gray) J.F. Macbr. var. breviscapa Shinners (PSSCB)   

Subterranean Indian Breadroot: A Hidden Gem for Native Plant Gardens Meet the subterranean Indian breadroot (Pediomelum hypogaeum var. hypogaeum), a fascinating native perennial that’s been quietly thriving across the Great Plains for centuries. While this little forb might not win any beauty contests, it’s got plenty of character and plays ...

Subterranean Indian Breadroot: A Hidden Gem for Native Plant Gardens

Meet the subterranean Indian breadroot (Pediomelum hypogaeum var. hypogaeum), a fascinating native perennial that’s been quietly thriving across the Great Plains for centuries. While this little forb might not win any beauty contests, it’s got plenty of character and plays an important role in prairie ecosystems.

What Makes This Plant Special?

The subterranean Indian breadroot is a true native of the lower 48 states, belonging to the legume family. As a perennial forb, it lacks woody tissue above ground but returns year after year from its underground parts. Don’t let the name fool you – while it’s called subterranean, you’ll still see it poking up above ground during the growing season!

This plant has quite a few aliases in the botanical world. You might also see it listed under its former scientific names, including Psoralea hypogaea and Psoralea scaposa var. breviscapa, so don’t be confused if you encounter these synonyms in older gardening references.

Where Does It Grow?

Subterranean Indian breadroot calls the Great Plains home, naturally occurring across eight states: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming. This wide distribution tells us it’s pretty adaptable to different conditions within its native range.

Should You Plant It in Your Garden?

Here’s the honest truth: subterranean Indian breadroot isn’t going to be the showstopper in your garden. Its small purple flowers and low-growing habit make it more of a supporting player than a star performer. However, there are some compelling reasons why native plant enthusiasts might want to give it a try:

  • It’s a true native species that supports local ecosystems
  • The small flowers provide nectar for native bees and other small pollinators
  • It’s extremely drought tolerant once established
  • Perfect for prairie restoration projects and naturalized areas
  • Requires virtually no maintenance

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re thinking about adding subterranean Indian breadroot to your landscape, here’s what you need to know:

Hardiness: This tough little plant thrives in USDA zones 4-8, making it suitable for most of the central United States.

Sun and Soil: Give it full sun and well-drained soil. Like most prairie plants, it doesn’t appreciate soggy conditions and much prefers to stay on the dry side.

Water Needs: Once established, this plant is incredibly drought tolerant. In fact, too much water can actually harm it, so resist the urge to pamper it with frequent watering.

Maintenance: Here’s the best part – it’s practically maintenance-free! The plant may go dormant during extreme heat or drought, but this is completely normal behavior.

Best Garden Settings

Subterranean Indian breadroot works best in:

  • Native plant gardens focused on Great Plains species
  • Prairie restoration projects
  • Xeriscaping and drought-tolerant landscapes
  • Naturalized areas where you want to support native wildlife
  • Educational gardens showcasing regional flora

The Bottom Line

While subterranean Indian breadroot might not be the most glamorous addition to your garden, it’s a worthy choice for gardeners who prioritize native species and low-maintenance landscapes. It’s particularly valuable for those working on prairie restoration or wanting to create habitat for native pollinators. Just don’t expect it to compete with flashier garden stars – instead, appreciate it for what it is: a humble, hardy native that’s perfectly adapted to life on the Great Plains.

If you’re looking for something with more visual impact, consider pairing it with showier native companions like purple prairie clover or wild bergamot. Together, they’ll create a authentic slice of prairie right in your backyard.

Subterranean Indian Breadroot

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Pediomelum Rydb. - Indian breadroot

Species

Pediomelum hypogaeum (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb. - subterranean Indian breadroot

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA