North America Native Plant

Subalpine Monkeyflower

Botanical name: Mimulus tilingii var. caespitosus

USDA symbol: MITIC

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Mimulus alpinus (A. Gray) Piper (MIAL8)  âš˜  Mimulus caespitosus (Greene) Greene (MICA14)  âš˜  Mimulus caespitosus (Greene) Greene var. implexus (Greene) M. Peck (MICAI)  âš˜  Mimulus implexus Greene (MIIM4)  âš˜  Mimulus luteus L. var. alpinus A. Gray, non Lindl. (MILUA)  âš˜  Mimulus scouleri Hook. var. caespitosus Greene (MISCC)   

Subalpine Monkeyflower: A Charming Mountain Native for Cool Gardens If you’ve ever dreamed of bringing a piece of the high country into your garden, the subalpine monkeyflower (Mimulus tilingii var. caespitosus) might be just the ticket. This delightful little perennial is like having a mountain meadow ambassador right in your ...

Subalpine Monkeyflower: A Charming Mountain Native for Cool Gardens

If you’ve ever dreamed of bringing a piece of the high country into your garden, the subalpine monkeyflower (Mimulus tilingii var. caespitosus) might be just the ticket. This delightful little perennial is like having a mountain meadow ambassador right in your backyard – though it definitely has some specific requests about its living arrangements!

What Makes Subalpine Monkeyflower Special?

The subalpine monkeyflower is a true Pacific Northwest native, naturally found in the mountainous regions of British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. This hardy perennial belongs to a group of plants called forbs – essentially, it’s an herbaceous plant that stays relatively soft and green rather than developing woody stems like shrubs or trees.

What sets this little charmer apart is its ability to form dense, mat-like carpets of foliage topped with cheerful yellow tubular flowers. The blooms have that distinctive monkey face appearance that gives monkeyflowers their whimsical common name – if you look closely, you might just see a little simian grin looking back at you!

Where Does It Call Home?

In the wild, subalpine monkeyflower thrives in the cool, moist conditions of subalpine and alpine zones throughout the Pacific Northwest. You’ll find it carpeting meadows, nestling among rocks, and creating colorful displays in areas where the snow lingers well into spring and summers remain refreshingly cool.

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

Here’s where we need to have a heart-to-heart chat. Subalpine monkeyflower is absolutely gorgeous and wonderfully native, but it’s also quite particular about its growing conditions. This isn’t a plant it and forget it kind of perennial – it’s more of a treat me like the mountain princess I am situation.

You’ll love this plant if you:

  • Have cool, consistently moist growing conditions
  • Enjoy rock gardens or alpine-style plantings
  • Want to support native pollinators with authentic regional plants
  • Live in USDA hardiness zones 4-7
  • Appreciate compact, mat-forming ground covers

This might not be your best choice if you:

  • Garden in hot, dry climates
  • Prefer low-maintenance plants
  • Have heavy clay soil with poor drainage
  • Want instant gratification (this one takes time to establish)

Creating the Perfect Mountain Retreat

Think of subalpine monkeyflower as your garden’s way of channeling high-altitude vibes. It’s perfect for rock gardens where it can nestle between stones, alpine garden settings that mimic mountain conditions, or as part of a native plant collection celebrating Pacific Northwest flora.

The compact, mat-forming growth habit makes it excellent for filling spaces between larger perennials or creating colorful carpets in areas that stay consistently cool and moist. When happy, it’ll reward you with bright yellow blooms that are absolute magnets for bees, butterflies, and other beneficial pollinators.

Growing Your Mountain Marvel

Successfully growing subalpine monkeyflower is all about recreating those cool mountain conditions it craves:

Soil Requirements: Well-draining soil is absolutely critical. Think mountain scree – it needs to drain quickly but still retain some moisture. A mix of regular garden soil amended with coarse sand, fine gravel, or pumice works well.

Water Needs: Consistent moisture is key, but never waterlogged conditions. Imagine the way mountain soils stay moist from snowmelt and frequent mountain showers – that’s your target.

Light Conditions: Partial shade to full sun, depending on your climate. In warmer areas, morning sun with afternoon shade helps prevent stress.

Temperature: This plant thrives in cool conditions and may struggle in areas with hot summers. It’s hardy in zones 4-7, with zone 4-6 being the sweet spot.

Planting and Care Tips

Plant subalpine monkeyflower in spring or early fall when temperatures are cool. Space plants about 12-18 inches apart to allow for their spreading habit. A thin layer of fine gravel mulch around the plants helps maintain consistent soil moisture while preventing crown rot.

During the growing season, keep soil consistently moist but never soggy. In hot weather, you might need to provide extra shade or misting to keep your mountain native happy. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage additional blooms throughout the season.

Winter care is generally minimal – just ensure good drainage to prevent freeze-thaw damage to the crown.

Supporting Your Local Ecosystem

By choosing native plants like subalpine monkeyflower, you’re creating habitat for local wildlife and supporting the pollinators that co-evolved with these plants. The bright yellow flowers are particularly attractive to native bees and butterflies, making your garden a valuable stopover in their daily travels.

While subalpine monkeyflower might require a bit more attention than your average perennial, the reward of successfully growing this authentic mountain native – and knowing you’re supporting local ecosystems – makes the extra effort worthwhile. Just remember: think cool, think moist, think mountains, and you’ll be well on your way to subalpine monkeyflower success!

Subalpine Monkeyflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Mimulus L. - monkeyflower

Species

Mimulus tilingii Regel - Tiling's monkeyflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA