North America Native Plant

Subalpine Lupine

Botanical name: Lupinus arcticus subalpinus

USDA symbol: LUARS2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Lupinus arcticus S. Watson var. subalpinus (Piper & B.L. Rob.) C.P. Sm. (LUARS6)  âš˜  Lupinus glacialis C.P. Sm. (LUGL3)  âš˜  Lupinus latifolius Lindl. ex J. Agardh var. subalpinus (Piper & B.L. Rob.) C.P. Sm. (LULAS2)  âš˜  Lupinus subalpinus Piper & B.L. Rob. (LUSU16)  âš˜  Lupinus volcanicus Greene (LUVO3)  âš˜  Lupinus volcanicus Greene var. rupestricola C.P. Sm. (LUVOR)   

Subalpine Lupine: A Hardy Mountain Beauty for Your Garden If you’re dreaming of bringing a touch of mountain meadow magic to your garden, subalpine lupine (Lupinus arcticus subalpinus) might just be your perfect match. This tough-as-nails perennial brings striking purple-blue flower spikes and distinctive palmate leaves to gardens that can ...

Subalpine Lupine: A Hardy Mountain Beauty for Your Garden

If you’re dreaming of bringing a touch of mountain meadow magic to your garden, subalpine lupine (Lupinus arcticus subalpinus) might just be your perfect match. This tough-as-nails perennial brings striking purple-blue flower spikes and distinctive palmate leaves to gardens that can handle its particular personality.

What Makes Subalpine Lupine Special?

Subalpine lupine is a true native treasure, naturally found across the Pacific Northwest and western Canada. As a perennial forb, it’s an herbaceous plant that dies back to the ground each winter but returns reliably each spring. Don’t let the subalpine name intimidate you – while this plant loves mountain conditions, it can adapt to the right garden setting with proper care.

Where Does It Come From?

This hardy lupine calls some pretty spectacular places home. You’ll find it growing wild in:

  • Alberta, Canada
  • British Columbia, Canada
  • Oregon
  • Washington

In these regions, it thrives in subalpine meadows, rocky slopes, and mountain clearings where many other plants would struggle.

Why Your Garden (and Local Wildlife) Will Love It

Beyond its obvious good looks, subalpine lupine is a pollinator magnet. Bees absolutely go crazy for its purple-blue flower spikes, and butterflies aren’t far behind. As a native plant, it’s perfectly adapted to support local wildlife and requires fewer resources once established.

The plant produces those classic lupine flower spikes that gardeners adore – tall, dramatic, and absolutely stunning when planted in groups. The distinctive palmate leaves (think of a hand with fingers spread) provide interesting texture even when the plant isn’t blooming.

Perfect Garden Spots for Subalpine Lupine

This isn’t your typical backyard border plant, and that’s part of its charm. Subalpine lupine shines in:

  • Rock gardens where drainage is excellent
  • Alpine or mountain-themed landscapes
  • Native plant gardens
  • Wildflower meadows
  • Xeriscapes (water-wise gardens)

Growing Conditions: Keep It Cool and Well-Drained

Here’s where subalpine lupine gets a bit picky – but in a predictable way. This mountain native needs:

  • Drainage, drainage, drainage: Sandy or rocky soil is ideal. Heavy clay will spell disaster.
  • Cool conditions: It prefers cooler summers and definitely needs cold winters (USDA zones 3-7)
  • Sun to partial shade: Full morning sun with afternoon protection works well in warmer areas
  • Consistent moisture in spring: But not waterlogged conditions

Planting and Care Tips

Getting subalpine lupine established requires a bit of patience, but it’s worth the effort:

  • Soil prep is crucial: Amend heavy soils with sand and gravel to improve drainage
  • Spring planting works best: Give plants a full growing season to establish
  • Mulch with gravel: Skip the bark mulch and use gravel or small stones to keep roots cool and improve drainage
  • Water wisely: Deep, infrequent watering once established
  • Don’t over-fertilize: Like most lupines, it can fix its own nitrogen

Is Subalpine Lupine Right for Your Garden?

This plant is definitely not for everyone, and that’s okay! Consider subalpine lupine if you:

  • Live in USDA zones 3-7
  • Have well-draining soil or can create it
  • Want to support native wildlife
  • Enjoy the challenge of growing mountain plants
  • Have a rock garden or alpine garden space

Skip it if you have heavy clay soil, live in a hot climate, or prefer low-maintenance plants that tolerate neglect.

The Bottom Line

Subalpine lupine isn’t the easiest native plant to grow, but for gardeners willing to meet its needs, it offers something truly special. Those stunning flower spikes and the satisfaction of successfully growing a true mountain native make the extra effort worthwhile. Plus, you’ll be doing your local ecosystem a favor by providing habitat and food for native pollinators.

Just remember: good drainage, cool conditions, and patience are your keys to success with this beautiful mountain dweller.

Subalpine Lupine

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lupinus L. - lupine

Species

Lupinus arcticus S. Watson - arctic lupine

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA