North America Native Plant

Stringleaf Clubmoss

Botanical name: Huperzia filiformis

USDA symbol: HUFI

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Synonyms: Lycopodium filiforme Sw. (LYFI)  âš˜  Phlegmariurus filiformis (Sw.) W.H. Wagner (PHFI4)   

Stringleaf Clubmoss: Hawaii’s Delicate Ancient Wonder Meet the stringleaf clubmoss (Huperzia filiformis), one of Hawaii’s most intriguing native plants that looks like it stepped straight out of a prehistoric jungle. This isn’t your typical garden plant – it’s a fascinating lycopod that belongs to one of Earth’s oldest plant families, ...

Stringleaf Clubmoss: Hawaii’s Delicate Ancient Wonder

Meet the stringleaf clubmoss (Huperzia filiformis), one of Hawaii’s most intriguing native plants that looks like it stepped straight out of a prehistoric jungle. This isn’t your typical garden plant – it’s a fascinating lycopod that belongs to one of Earth’s oldest plant families, dating back over 400 million years!

What Exactly Is a Stringleaf Clubmoss?

Don’t let the name fool you – stringleaf clubmoss isn’t actually a moss at all. It’s a lycopod, also known as a club moss, which is a completely different type of plant. While true mosses are simple, non-vascular plants, lycopods like Huperzia filiformis are vascular plants with specialized tissues for moving water and nutrients, just like ferns and flowering plants.

This perennial herb grows as an epiphyte, meaning it lives on other plants (usually trees) without being parasitic. Think of it as nature’s air plant with a prehistoric twist! The plant forms delicate, thread-like cascades that hang gracefully from tree trunks and branches in Hawaii’s misty forests.

Where You’ll Find This Hawaiian Native

Stringleaf clubmoss is endemic to Hawaii, meaning it grows naturally nowhere else on Earth. You’ll find it exclusively in the Hawaiian Islands, where it thrives in the humid, shaded environments of native wet forests.

This specialized native has also been known by the scientific names Lycopodium filiforme and Phlegmariurus filiformis in botanical literature, so don’t be confused if you see these older names in reference materials.

How to Identify Stringleaf Clubmoss

Spotting this unique plant is quite an experience once you know what to look for:

  • Extremely thin, string-like stems that hang in graceful cascades
  • Tiny, scale-like leaves arranged spirally around the stems
  • Overall appearance resembles green thread or very fine hanging moss
  • Grows attached to tree bark, not rooted in soil
  • Forms loose, airy masses rather than dense clumps

Is Stringleaf Clubmoss Beneficial in Gardens?

While this plant is absolutely fascinating from a botanical perspective, it’s not practical for most home gardens. Here’s why:

Stringleaf clubmoss requires very specific tropical conditions that are nearly impossible to replicate outside of its native Hawaiian habitat. It needs constant high humidity, filtered light, excellent air circulation, and the complex ecosystem interactions found in native Hawaiian forests.

However, if you’re lucky enough to have a specialized tropical conservatory or live in Hawaii with the right forest conditions, this plant can be an incredible addition to a native plant collection. It adds a unique prehistoric element and represents an important piece of Hawaii’s natural heritage.

Conservation Importance

As a Hawaiian endemic species, stringleaf clubmoss plays an important role in the islands’ unique ecosystems. Like many native Hawaiian plants, it faces pressures from habitat loss and invasive species. While not currently listed as rare, protecting existing populations and their forest habitats is crucial for this ancient lineage to continue thriving.

If you’re interested in supporting Hawaiian native plants, consider visiting and supporting organizations that protect native Hawaiian forests, or if you’re in Hawaii, focus on growing other native Hawaiian species that are better adapted to cultivation.

The Bottom Line

Stringleaf clubmoss is one of those plants that’s absolutely magical to encounter in the wild but isn’t suited for typical gardening. It’s a living link to Earth’s ancient past and a treasure of Hawaiian biodiversity. While you probably won’t be growing it in your backyard, appreciating and protecting this remarkable species helps preserve Hawaii’s irreplaceable natural heritage for future generations to discover and wonder at.

Stringleaf Clubmoss

Classification

Group

Lycopod

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Lycopodiales

Family

Lycopodiaceae P. Beauv. ex Mirb. - Club-moss family

Genus

Huperzia Bernh. - clubmoss

Species

Huperzia filiformis (Sw.) Holub - stringleaf clubmoss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA