North America Native Plant

Streambank Flowering Fern

Botanical name: Anemia hirta

USDA symbol: ANHI3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Streambank Flowering Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing Meet the streambank flowering fern (Anemia hirta), a fascinating native fern species that calls Puerto Rico home. While you might not find this little-known beauty at your local garden center, it’s worth understanding what makes this perennial fern special and ...

Streambank Flowering Fern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing

Meet the streambank flowering fern (Anemia hirta), a fascinating native fern species that calls Puerto Rico home. While you might not find this little-known beauty at your local garden center, it’s worth understanding what makes this perennial fern special and why it deserves recognition in the world of native plants.

What Exactly Is Streambank Flowering Fern?

Despite its common name suggesting flowers, Anemia hirta is actually a true fern that reproduces through spores rather than flowers. This perennial species belongs to the Anemia genus, a group of ferns known for their unique reproductive structures that can sometimes be mistaken for flowering parts by casual observers.

As a native species, streambank flowering fern has evolved specifically to thrive in Puerto Rico’s tropical climate and ecosystem conditions. This makes it an important part of the island’s natural heritage and biodiversity.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

Streambank flowering fern is endemic to Puerto Rico, meaning it naturally occurs nowhere else in the world. This limited geographic distribution makes it a truly special plant that represents the unique flora of this Caribbean island.

Is It Right for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get tricky. While streambank flowering fern is undoubtedly an interesting native species, there’s very limited information available about its cultivation requirements, availability, or garden performance. This scarcity of horticultural information suggests it may be:

  • Difficult to find in the nursery trade
  • Challenging to grow outside its natural habitat
  • Better appreciated in its wild setting than in cultivation

Benefits to Wildlife and Ecosystems

As with many native ferns, streambank flowering fern likely plays important ecological roles in its natural Puerto Rican habitat. While we don’t have specific data on its wildlife benefits, native ferns typically provide:

  • Habitat and shelter for small creatures
  • Soil stabilization along waterways (as its name suggests)
  • Part of the complex web of native plant communities

The Bottom Line for Gardeners

While streambank flowering fern represents the fascinating diversity of Puerto Rico’s native flora, it’s not currently a practical choice for most gardeners. The lack of cultivation information and limited availability make it more of a botanical curiosity than a garden staple.

If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico and are passionate about native plants, consider focusing on better-documented native species that are more readily available and have established growing guidelines. This approach will give you a better chance of success while still supporting your local ecosystem.

For those interested in learning more about this species, consider supporting botanical research and conservation efforts in Puerto Rico that help document and protect rare native plants like Anemia hirta.

Streambank Flowering Fern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Anemiaceae Link - Flowering Fern family

Genus

Anemia Sw. - anemia fern

Species

Anemia hirta (L.) Sw. - streambank flowering fern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA