North America Native Plant

Strawberry

Botanical name: Fragaria ×ananassa ananassa

USDA symbol: FRANA3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier var. ×ananassa (FRANA2)  âš˜  Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill. var. ananassa Weston (FRCHA)  âš˜  Fragaria ×magna auct. non Thuill. p.p. (FRMA2)   

Growing Strawberries: The Sweet and Simple Guide to Garden Strawberries Who doesn’t love the idea of plucking fresh, juicy strawberries right from their own backyard? The garden strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa ananassa) has been winning hearts and taste buds for centuries, and it’s easy to see why this perennial favorite has ...

Growing Strawberries: The Sweet and Simple Guide to Garden Strawberries

Who doesn’t love the idea of plucking fresh, juicy strawberries right from their own backyard? The garden strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa ananassa) has been winning hearts and taste buds for centuries, and it’s easy to see why this perennial favorite has found its way into gardens across North America.

What Exactly Are Garden Strawberries?

Garden strawberries are herbaceous perennial plants that belong to the forb family – essentially, they’re non-woody plants that die back in winter but return each spring. These delightful plants are actually hybrids, created through the crossbreeding of different strawberry species. While they’re not native to North America (they originated as cultivated plants in Europe), they’ve become naturalized in many areas and can even reproduce on their own in the wild.

Where Do Garden Strawberries Grow?

You’ll find garden strawberries thriving across a surprisingly wide range of locations. In the United States, they’ve established themselves in states from Maine down to South Carolina, and from the East Coast states like Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York, all the way to Washington State. Up north, they’ve also made themselves at home in Canadian provinces including Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.

Why Gardeners Love (and Sometimes Question) Strawberries

Let’s be honest – the biggest draw is obvious: fresh strawberries! But these plants offer more than just delicious fruit:

  • Beautiful white flowers in spring that attract bees and other beneficial pollinators
  • Excellent ground cover that spreads naturally
  • Perfect for edible landscaping projects
  • Great for teaching kids about growing food
  • Relatively low maintenance once established

However, since garden strawberries aren’t native to North America, some gardeners prefer to stick with indigenous alternatives. If you’re interested in native options, consider wild strawberries (Fragaria virginiana) or woodland strawberries (Fragaria vesca), which offer similar benefits while supporting local ecosystems.

Where Garden Strawberries Shine in Your Landscape

Garden strawberries are incredibly versatile and work well in several settings:

  • Kitchen gardens and vegetable plots
  • Edible landscape designs
  • Container gardens and raised beds
  • Slopes where you need erosion control
  • Children’s gardens

Growing Conditions: Keeping Your Strawberries Happy

Garden strawberries are generally adaptable, but they have some preferences:

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade (at least 6 hours of direct sunlight for best fruit production)
  • Soil: Well-draining, slightly acidic soil (pH 6.0-6.8)
  • Water: Consistent moisture, but not waterlogged
  • Climate: Hardy across USDA zones 3-10

Planting and Care Tips for Success

Getting started with strawberries is easier than you might think:

  • When to plant: Early spring after the last frost, or fall in warmer climates
  • Spacing: Plant 12-18 inches apart in rows
  • Depth: Keep the crown at soil level – not too deep, not too shallow
  • Mulching: Use straw or shredded leaves to retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Fertilizing: Light feeding in early spring with balanced fertilizer
  • Runner management: Decide whether to let runners spread or trim them for larger berries

A Sweet Addition to Your Garden

Whether you’re drawn to their pollinator-friendly flowers, their spreading ground cover habit, or (let’s face it) those irresistible berries, garden strawberries can be a delightful addition to many landscapes. While they’re not native, they’re generally well-behaved garden guests that won’t cause ecological havoc.

Just remember – if you’re passionate about native gardening, there are wonderful indigenous strawberry species that can give you similar benefits while better supporting local wildlife. But if you do choose garden strawberries, you’ll be joining countless gardeners who’ve discovered the simple joy of growing their own sweet, red treasures.

Strawberry

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Fragaria L. - strawberry

Species

Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.) [chiloensis × virginiana] - strawberry

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA