North America Native Plant

Spreading Spleenwort

Botanical name: Asplenium patens

USDA symbol: ASPA17

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Spreading Spleenwort: A Delicate Native Hawaiian Fern for Tropical Gardens If you’re looking to add some authentic Hawaiian charm to your tropical garden, meet the spreading spleenwort (Asplenium patens) – a graceful native fern that’s as elegant as it is ecologically valuable. This perennial beauty has been gracing the Hawaiian ...

Spreading Spleenwort: A Delicate Native Hawaiian Fern for Tropical Gardens

If you’re looking to add some authentic Hawaiian charm to your tropical garden, meet the spreading spleenwort (Asplenium patens) – a graceful native fern that’s as elegant as it is ecologically valuable. This perennial beauty has been gracing the Hawaiian Islands long before any of us arrived, and it’s ready to bring that same natural magic to your landscape.

What Makes Spreading Spleenwort Special?

The spreading spleenwort is a true Hawaiian native, found naturally across the island chain. As its common name suggests, this fern has a lovely spreading habit, with delicate fronds that arch gracefully outward, creating a soft, feathery appearance that’s absolutely charming in shaded garden spots.

This perennial fern grows exclusively in Hawaii, making it a perfect choice for gardeners who want to celebrate and support their local ecosystem. There’s something wonderfully satisfying about growing a plant that has called your islands home for countless generations.

Why Grow Spreading Spleenwort?

Here are several compelling reasons to consider this native beauty for your garden:

  • Authentic Hawaiian character: Add genuine native plant heritage to your landscape
  • Low-maintenance elegance: Once established, it’s relatively easy to care for
  • Perfect for problem areas: Thrives in those tricky shaded spots where other plants struggle
  • Ecosystem support: Provides habitat and contributes to native biodiversity
  • Year-round beauty: As a perennial, it offers consistent green presence

Where Does Spreading Spleenwort Shine in Your Garden?

This versatile fern works beautifully in several garden settings:

  • Understory plantings beneath larger native trees
  • Shaded border edges for a soft, natural look
  • Native Hawaiian landscape designs
  • Forest-style gardens that mimic natural ecosystems
  • Areas where you want to create a cool, peaceful atmosphere

Growing Conditions: Keep It Cool and Moist

Spreading spleenwort is happiest when you recreate conditions similar to its natural Hawaiian forest habitat:

  • Light: Shade to partial shade (avoid direct sunlight)
  • Soil: Well-draining but consistently moist, rich in organic matter
  • Humidity: High humidity levels (typical of Hawaiian climates)
  • Climate: USDA zones 10-12 only – this is strictly a tropical plant

Planting and Care Tips

Getting your spreading spleenwort established is straightforward if you follow these guidelines:

  • Choose a location with reliable shade and protection from strong winds
  • Prepare the soil with plenty of organic compost or leaf mold
  • Plant at the same depth it was growing in its container
  • Water regularly to keep soil consistently moist but never waterlogged
  • Mulch around the base to help retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Be patient – ferns generally establish slowly but are worth the wait

A Note About Sourcing

When purchasing spreading spleenwort, make sure to buy from reputable nurseries that specialize in native Hawaiian plants. This ensures you’re getting properly sourced material that won’t impact wild populations.

The Bottom Line

Spreading spleenwort might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it brings something invaluable – authentic Hawaiian heritage and quiet, understated beauty. If you have the right tropical climate and shaded conditions, this native fern can be a wonderful addition to your landscape, connecting your garden to the natural history of the islands while providing lovely, low-key elegance year-round.

Spreading Spleenwort

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Aspleniaceae Newman - Spleenwort family

Genus

Asplenium L. - spleenwort

Species

Asplenium patens Kaulf. - spreading spleenwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA