North America Native Plant

Spoon Primrose-willow

Botanical name: Ludwigia spathulata

USDA symbol: LUSP5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Isnardia spathulata (Torr. & A. Gray) Small (ISSP)   

Spoon Primrose-Willow: A Rare Wetland Gem for Conservation-Minded Gardeners Meet the spoon primrose-willow (Ludwigia spathulata), a charming little wetland plant that’s as rare as it is specialized. This diminutive perennial forb might not be the showiest plant in the garden center – mainly because you won’t find it there – ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Alabama

Status: S2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘

Region: Alabama

Spoon Primrose-Willow: A Rare Wetland Gem for Conservation-Minded Gardeners

Meet the spoon primrose-willow (Ludwigia spathulata), a charming little wetland plant that’s as rare as it is specialized. This diminutive perennial forb might not be the showiest plant in the garden center – mainly because you won’t find it there – but it plays a crucial role in southeastern wetland ecosystems and deserves our attention and protection.

What Makes This Plant Special?

The spoon primrose-willow gets its common name from its distinctive spoon-shaped leaves that set it apart from other members of the evening primrose family. This native perennial produces small, cheerful yellow flowers and forms low-growing mats in its preferred wetland habitats. As a forb, it’s an herbaceous plant without woody stems, dying back to ground level each winter before emerging again in spring.

Where Does It Call Home?

This southeastern native has a limited range, naturally occurring only in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. It’s particularly associated with the coastal plain regions where specialized wetland conditions provide the perfect environment for its survival.

A Plant in Need of Protection

Here’s the important part: Spoon primrose-willow is considered imperiled, with a global conservation status of S2. This means it’s extremely rare, with typically only 6 to 20 known occurrences remaining. In Alabama, it’s ranked even higher on the rarity scale at S1S2. This isn’t a plant to collect from the wild or purchase from questionable sources.

Why Gardeners Should Care (But Proceed Carefully)

If you’re passionate about wetland restoration or native plant conservation, spoon primrose-willow could be a meaningful addition to your specialized garden – but only with responsibly sourced material. Here’s what it offers:

  • Authentic representation of rare southeastern wetland flora
  • Support for small pollinators and beneficial insects
  • Contribution to biodiversity in restored wetland areas
  • Educational value for conservation-minded gardeners

Growing Conditions: It’s All About the Water

Spoon primrose-willow is what botanists call an obligate wetland species, meaning it almost always occurs in wetlands. If you’re considering growing this rare beauty, you’ll need to replicate these specific conditions:

  • Moisture: Consistently wet to saturated soils year-round
  • Light: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Hydric soils typical of wetland environments
  • Climate: USDA Zones 8-10, matching its southeastern coastal range

Perfect Garden Settings

This isn’t a plant for your average flower border. Spoon primrose-willow thrives in:

  • Constructed wetlands and bioswales
  • Pond margins and bog gardens
  • Rain gardens with permanent water features
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Native plant preserves and conservation areas

The Responsible Approach

Given its imperiled status, growing spoon primrose-willow comes with serious responsibilities. If you’re interested in this plant:

  • Only obtain plants from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate from legally collected seeds
  • Never collect from wild populations
  • Consider supporting wetland restoration organizations instead
  • Focus on protecting existing wetland habitats where this species naturally occurs

A Plant Worth Protecting

Spoon primrose-willow may be small and specialized, but its rarity makes it incredibly valuable for conservation. While most gardeners won’t have the specific wetland conditions this plant requires, those involved in professional restoration work or serious wetland gardening can help ensure this species doesn’t disappear from our landscapes.

Remember, sometimes the best way to appreciate a rare plant is to protect its wild habitat rather than trying to grow it ourselves. If spoon primrose-willow has captured your interest, consider supporting wetland conservation efforts in the southeastern states where this little treasure still clings to existence.

Spoon Primrose-willow

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Onagraceae Juss. - Evening Primrose family

Genus

Ludwigia L. - primrose-willow

Species

Ludwigia spathulata Torr. & A. Gray - spoon primrose-willow

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA