North America Native Plant

Spleenwort

Botanical name: Asplenium ×waikomoi

USDA symbol: ASWA9

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Discovering the Rare Hawaiian Spleenwort: A Hidden Gem in the Fern World If you’re a fern enthusiast with a passion for rare and unique species, you might have stumbled across the intriguing Asplenium ×waikomoi. This lesser-known Hawaiian spleenwort represents one of nature’s fascinating botanical experiments – a hybrid fern that ...

Discovering the Rare Hawaiian Spleenwort: A Hidden Gem in the Fern World

If you’re a fern enthusiast with a passion for rare and unique species, you might have stumbled across the intriguing Asplenium ×waikomoi. This lesser-known Hawaiian spleenwort represents one of nature’s fascinating botanical experiments – a hybrid fern that calls the beautiful islands of Hawaii home.

What Makes This Spleenwort Special?

The × in Asplenium ×waikomoi isn’t a typo – it’s botanical shorthand telling us this is a hybrid species. This perennial fern emerged naturally through the crossing of two parent Asplenium species in Hawaii’s unique ecosystem. Like a botanical love child, it carries traits from both parents while developing its own distinct characteristics.

Where You’ll Find This Hawaiian Native

This spleenwort is exclusively native to Hawaii, making it a true island endemic. You won’t find this particular hybrid growing wild anywhere else in the world – not in California, not in Florida, nowhere but the Hawaiian Islands.

A Fern That Likes to Keep Its Feet Dry

Unlike many ferns that love constantly moist conditions, this Hawaiian spleenwort has what botanists call a Facultative Upland status. In plain English? It’s perfectly happy in drier, non-wetland areas, though it can tolerate some moisture if needed. This adaptability makes it quite different from its bog-loving fern cousins.

The Challenge of Growing a Rare Beauty

Here’s where things get tricky for eager gardeners. Because Asplenium ×waikomoi is such a rare hybrid with limited documentation, finding reliable growing information – or even finding the plant itself – can be quite challenging. This isn’t your typical garden center fern that you can pick up on a Saturday afternoon.

Garden Benefits and Considerations

As a fern, this spleenwort won’t attract bees or butterflies with showy flowers, but it can offer other garden benefits:

  • Adds unique texture and form to shaded garden areas
  • Provides year-round green foliage as a perennial
  • Contributes to biodiversity, especially in Hawaiian native plant gardens
  • Requires less water than many other ferns due to its upland preference

A Word of Caution

If you’re lucky enough to encounter this rare hybrid, proceed with conservation in mind. Rare plants deserve our respect and protection. Only acquire plants from reputable sources that can guarantee ethical propagation, and never collect from wild populations.

For the Dedicated Fern Collector

While we can’t provide specific growing instructions due to limited cultivation data, experienced fern growers working with Hawaiian natives might consider this species for specialized collections. Given its facultative upland status, it likely prefers:

  • Well-draining soil that doesn’t stay constantly wet
  • Partial to full shade
  • Warm, humid conditions similar to its native Hawaiian habitat
  • Protection from strong winds

The Bottom Line

Asplenium ×waikomoi represents one of those special plants that reminds us how much we still have to learn about the natural world. While it may not be the easiest fern to grow or find, it serves as a beautiful example of Hawaii’s unique flora and the fascinating world of plant hybridization. For most gardeners, exploring more readily available native ferns might be the practical choice, but for dedicated collectors and conservation-minded growers, this rare spleenwort offers a unique opportunity to connect with Hawaii’s botanical heritage.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Spleenwort

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Aspleniaceae Newman - Spleenwort family

Genus

Asplenium L. - spleenwort

Species

Asplenium ×waikomoi W.H. Wagner & D.D. Palmer [acuminatum × aethiopicum] - spleenwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA