North America Native Plant

Spleenwort

Botanical name: Asplenium ×kokeense

USDA symbol: ASKO3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Hawaii  

Hawaiian Spleenwort: A Delicate Native Fern for Tropical Gardens If you’re looking to add some authentic Hawaiian charm to your tropical garden, the Hawaiian spleenwort (Asplenium ×kokeense) might just be the perfect native fern for you. This delicate perennial fern brings a touch of the islands’ natural beauty right to ...

Hawaiian Spleenwort: A Delicate Native Fern for Tropical Gardens

If you’re looking to add some authentic Hawaiian charm to your tropical garden, the Hawaiian spleenwort (Asplenium ×kokeense) might just be the perfect native fern for you. This delicate perennial fern brings a touch of the islands’ natural beauty right to your backyard, especially if you’re lucky enough to garden in Hawaii’s warm climate.

What Makes Hawaiian Spleenwort Special?

This lovely fern is 100% homegrown Hawaiian – it’s endemic to the islands, meaning you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else in the world. That makes it pretty special! As a true native plant, it’s perfectly adapted to Hawaii’s unique growing conditions and plays an important role in the local ecosystem.

Where You’ll Find It Growing

Hawaiian spleenwort calls the Hawaiian Islands home, where it thrives in the state’s diverse microclimates. From sea level to higher elevations, this adaptable fern has found its niche in Hawaii’s natural landscape.

What Does It Look Like?

Like other members of the spleenwort family, this fern features delicate, finely divided fronds that create a soft, feathery appearance. It’s not a giant – most spleenworts stay relatively compact, making them perfect for smaller garden spaces or as understory plants beneath larger native Hawaiian species.

Perfect Spots for Your Hawaiian Spleenwort

This fern is a shade lover through and through. In its natural habitat, it typically grows in protected spots where it’s shielded from harsh direct sunlight. Here’s where it shines in your garden:

  • Under the canopy of larger native trees
  • In rock gardens with good drainage
  • Along shaded pathways
  • As part of a native Hawaiian plant collection
  • In containers on covered patios

Growing Conditions That Make It Happy

Hawaiian spleenwort has some specific preferences, but once you understand what it likes, it’s fairly easy to please:

  • Light: Partial to full shade – protect it from harsh afternoon sun
  • Soil: Well-draining soil that doesn’t get waterlogged
  • Moisture: Consistent moisture without being soggy
  • Climate: USDA zones 10-11 (tropical to subtropical)

The good news is that this fern has a Facultative Upland wetland status, which means it’s quite adaptable – it usually prefers drier conditions but can handle some moisture too.

Planting and Care Tips

Getting your Hawaiian spleenwort established is pretty straightforward:

  • Choose a spot with filtered light or morning sun with afternoon shade
  • Ensure good drainage – soggy roots are a no-go
  • Water regularly but allow soil to dry slightly between waterings
  • Mulch around the base to help retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Remove any dead or damaged fronds to keep it looking tidy

Why Choose This Native Beauty?

There are several compelling reasons to add Hawaiian spleenwort to your garden:

  • It’s a true native that supports local biodiversity
  • Low maintenance once established
  • Adds texture and tropical appeal to shaded areas
  • Perfect for authentic Hawaiian-style landscaping
  • Helps preserve Hawaii’s unique plant heritage

A Word of Caution

Since this is a Hawaiian endemic, make sure you’re sourcing your plants responsibly from reputable nurseries that grow them ethically. We want to enjoy these beautiful natives while also protecting wild populations.

Hawaiian spleenwort might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it brings something special – a genuine connection to Hawaii’s natural heritage. For gardeners in tropical zones who want to create an authentic island landscape, this native fern is definitely worth considering. Just remember to give it the shade and good drainage it craves, and you’ll have a happy, healthy piece of Hawaii right in your backyard!

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Hawaii

FACU

Facultative Upland - Plants with this status usually occurs in non-wetlands but may occur in wetlands

Spleenwort

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Aspleniaceae Newman - Spleenwort family

Genus

Asplenium L. - spleenwort

Species

Asplenium ×kokeense W.H. Wagner [aethiopicum × cookii] - spleenwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA