North America Native Plant

Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis congesta

USDA symbol: ELCO11

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Pacific Basin excluding Hawaii  

Spikerush: A Rare Pacific Island Sedge for Specialty Water Gardens If you’re looking for an authentic touch of Pacific island flora in your water garden, Eleocharis congesta might just be the unique sedge you’ve been searching for. This humble little plant, commonly known as spikerush, brings a slice of tropical ...

Spikerush: A Rare Pacific Island Sedge for Specialty Water Gardens

If you’re looking for an authentic touch of Pacific island flora in your water garden, Eleocharis congesta might just be the unique sedge you’ve been searching for. This humble little plant, commonly known as spikerush, brings a slice of tropical island life to specialized wetland plantings—though it’s definitely not your typical garden center find.

What Makes This Spikerush Special?

Eleocharis congesta is a grass-like plant that belongs to the sedge family (Cyperaceae), giving it that distinctive rush-like appearance that sedge enthusiasts love. Don’t let its understated looks fool you—this little plant has quite the exclusive address. It’s native to the Pacific Basin, specifically calling places like Guam and Palau home, which makes it about as exotic as sedges get for most North American gardeners.

Where Does This Pacific Native Fit in Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting (and a bit challenging). This spikerush isn’t going to work in your average perennial border or even most rain gardens. It’s designed for life in the tropics, thriving in consistently wet conditions that mimic its natural Pacific island habitat.

Consider Eleocharis congesta if you have:

  • A tropical or subtropical climate (USDA zones 10-12)
  • Bog gardens or constructed wetlands
  • Pond edges that need naturalistic plantings
  • A passion for rare, geographically specific plants

Growing Conditions: It’s All About the Water

This Pacific native has some very specific needs that reflect its island origins. Think warm, wet, and consistently moist—basically the opposite of drought-tolerant gardening trends.

Light Requirements: Full sun to partial shade works best, though it can handle the intense tropical sun it evolved with.

Water Needs: This is non-negotiable—Eleocharis congesta needs consistently moist to wet soils. We’re talking saturated conditions, not just moist but well-draining. If you’re not prepared to keep this plant’s feet wet year-round, it’s probably not the right choice.

Climate Considerations: Unless you’re gardening in Hawaii, southern Florida, or similar tropical zones, you’ll likely need to treat this as a greenhouse or conservatory plant.

The Reality Check: Should You Grow It?

Let’s be honest—Eleocharis congesta is more of a collector’s plant than a practical garden choice for most people. Its extremely limited native range and specific growing requirements make it challenging to source and even more challenging to grow successfully outside of tropical conditions.

If you’re not in zones 10-12 with reliable moisture, you might want to consider native alternatives that offer similar aesthetic appeal:

  • Local native sedges (Carex species) for temperate climates
  • Native rushes (Juncus species) for wetland areas
  • Regional spike rushes (other Eleocharis species) that are better adapted to your area

A Plant for the Passionate

If you do decide to take on the challenge of growing this Pacific island native, you’re joining a pretty exclusive club of specialized wetland gardeners. Just make sure you’re sourcing your plants responsibly—given its limited native range, wild collection could impact natural populations.

Eleocharis congesta might not be the easiest plant to grow or the most showy addition to your garden, but for those passionate about authentic Pacific island flora or creating specialized tropical wetland habitats, it offers a genuine piece of island paradise—moisture requirements and all.

Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis congesta D. Don - spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA