North America Native Plant

Soot Lichen

Botanical name: Cyphelium chloroconium

USDA symbol: CYCH6

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Soot Lichen: A Mysterious Native Worth Knowing Have you ever noticed those crusty, often overlooked growths on tree bark and wondered what they were? Meet the soot lichen (Cyphelium chloroconium), a fascinating native North American species that’s probably been quietly living in your neighborhood all along. While you won’t find ...

Soot Lichen: A Mysterious Native Worth Knowing

Have you ever noticed those crusty, often overlooked growths on tree bark and wondered what they were? Meet the soot lichen (Cyphelium chloroconium), a fascinating native North American species that’s probably been quietly living in your neighborhood all along. While you won’t find this little guy at your local garden center, understanding what it is and does can completely change how you view the living landscape around you.

What Exactly Is Soot Lichen?

Soot lichen isn’t actually a plant at all – it’s something much more interesting! Lichens are remarkable partnerships between fungi and algae (or sometimes cyanobacteria) that work together as one organism. Think of it as nature’s ultimate roommate situation, where both parties benefit from the arrangement. The fungal partner provides structure and protection, while the algae does the photosynthesis to make food for both.

Cyphelium chloroconium belongs to a group called crustose lichens, which means it forms a crusty, tightly-adhered layer on whatever surface it calls home – usually tree bark or dead wood.

Where You’ll Find This Native Beauty

This lichen is native to North America, though specific distribution details for this particular species are not well-documented in readily available sources. Like many lichens, it likely has a broader range than we fully understand, quietly going about its business on trees across the continent.

Is Soot Lichen Good for Your Garden?

Absolutely! While you can’t exactly plant lichens like traditional garden plants, having them show up naturally in your landscape is actually a wonderful sign. Here’s why soot lichen and its lichen cousins are garden superstars:

  • Air quality indicators: Lichens are incredibly sensitive to air pollution, so their presence suggests you have clean air in your area
  • Ecosystem builders: They contribute to biodiversity and provide habitat for tiny creatures you never knew existed
  • Soil creators: Over time, lichens help break down rock and organic matter, contributing to soil formation
  • Natural beauty: They add subtle texture and color to tree trunks and wooden structures

How to Identify Soot Lichen

Identifying specific lichen species can be tricky even for experts, but here are some general things to look for when searching for Cyphelium species:

  • Look for crusty, tightly-adhered growth on tree bark or wood
  • The surface may appear somewhat powdery or sooty (hence the common name)
  • Colors can range from grayish to darker tones
  • Small, pin-head sized reproductive structures may be visible

For definitive identification, you’d need a hand lens and possibly microscopic examination – this is definitely advanced-level nature detective work!

Creating a Lichen-Friendly Garden

You can’t plant lichens, but you can definitely encourage them to make themselves at home:

  • Avoid chemical sprays: Lichens hate pollution and chemicals, so keep your garden as natural as possible
  • Maintain mature trees: Old bark provides perfect real estate for lichen communities
  • Leave dead wood: Don’t be too tidy – dead branches and stumps are prime lichen habitat
  • Improve air quality: Reduce local pollution sources when possible

The Bigger Picture

While soot lichen might seem like a minor player in your garden ecosystem, it’s actually part of something much larger. These quiet partnerships between fungi and algae have been around for hundreds of millions of years, slowly and steadily contributing to the health of our planet. When you spot lichens in your landscape, take a moment to appreciate these ancient collaborations – they’re proof that your garden is part of a healthy, functioning ecosystem.

So next time you’re out in your yard, take a closer look at those tree trunks. You might just spot some soot lichen quietly doing its important work, adding to the incredible diversity that makes native gardening so rewarding.

Soot Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Caliciales

Family

Caliciaceae Chevall.

Genus

Cyphelium Ach. - soot lichen

Species

Cyphelium chloroconium (Tuck.) Zahlbr. - soot lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA