North America Native Plant

Smith’s Tonguefern

Botanical name: Elaphoglossum smithii

USDA symbol: ELSM2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Smith’s Tonguefern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing If you’re fascinated by rare ferns and have a thing for botanical treasures, Smith’s tonguefern (Elaphoglossum smithii) might just capture your imagination. This perennial fern is a true Puerto Rican endemic, meaning you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else on ...

Smith’s Tonguefern: A Rare Puerto Rican Native Worth Knowing

If you’re fascinated by rare ferns and have a thing for botanical treasures, Smith’s tonguefern (Elaphoglossum smithii) might just capture your imagination. This perennial fern is a true Puerto Rican endemic, meaning you won’t find it growing wild anywhere else on Earth. While it’s not the easiest fern to come by for your garden, understanding this unique species helps us appreciate the incredible diversity of native plants in tropical ecosystems.

What Makes Smith’s Tonguefern Special?

Smith’s tonguefern belongs to the fascinating genus Elaphoglossum, known for their distinctive tongue-shaped fronds that give them their common name. As a perennial fern, it represents the ancient lineage of plants that have been gracing our planet for millions of years, long before flowering plants appeared on the scene.

This fern is exclusively native to Puerto Rico, making it part of the island’s unique botanical heritage. Unfortunately, like many endemic species, detailed information about its specific characteristics and habitat requirements remains limited in readily available sources.

Is Smith’s Tonguefern Right for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky – and honestly, pretty interesting from a botanical perspective. Smith’s tonguefern appears to be quite rare, with limited cultivation information available. This suggests a few possibilities:

  • It may have very specific growing requirements that make it challenging to cultivate
  • It might be naturally rare in its native habitat
  • It could be a recently described species with limited study

If you’re dreaming of adding this particular fern to your collection, you’ll likely face significant challenges sourcing it. Most fern enthusiasts and native plant gardeners will find better success with other Elaphoglossum species or related ferns that are more readily available.

Benefits to Your Garden Ecosystem

While Smith’s tonguefern doesn’t produce flowers to attract pollinators (ferns reproduce via spores, not flowers), ferns in general offer several ecological benefits:

  • They provide shelter and habitat for small creatures
  • Their roots help prevent soil erosion
  • They add textural diversity and lush greenery to shaded areas
  • They contribute to the overall biodiversity of your garden ecosystem

Better Alternatives for Fern Lovers

Since Smith’s tonguefern is difficult to obtain and cultivate, consider these alternatives if you’re looking to add native or well-adapted ferns to your garden:

  • Other Elaphoglossum species that are more readily available
  • Native ferns from your local region
  • Well-established tropical ferns if you’re gardening in similar climatic zones

The Bigger Picture

While you might not be able to grow Smith’s tonguefern in your backyard, learning about rare endemic species like this one reminds us why protecting natural habitats is so crucial. Each endemic plant represents thousands of years of evolution in a specific location, and once lost, these genetic treasures can never be recovered.

If you’re passionate about supporting native plant conservation, consider supporting organizations that work to protect Puerto Rico’s native ecosystems, or focus your gardening efforts on native plants from your own region that you can successfully grow and propagate.

Final Thoughts

Smith’s tonguefern serves as a beautiful reminder of nature’s incredible diversity, even if it’s not destined for most of our gardens. Sometimes the most valuable plants are the ones that teach us about the importance of preserving wild spaces and the amazing adaptations that plants develop in their native habitats.

For your own fern garden, stick with species that are readily available, well-documented, and suited to your growing conditions. Your local native plant society or extension office can point you toward ferns that will thrive in your specific area while supporting local wildlife and ecosystems.

Smith’s Tonguefern

Classification

Group

Fern

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Pteridophyta - Ferns

Subdivision
Class

Filicopsida

Subclass
Order

Polypodiales

Family

Dryopteridaceae Herter - Wood Fern family

Genus

Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. - tonguefern

Species

Elaphoglossum smithii (Baker) Christ - Smith's tonguefern

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA