North America Native Plant

Smallflower Starviolet

Botanical name: Stenaria rupicola

USDA symbol: STRU9

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Hedyotis angulata Fosberg ex Shinners (HEAN14)  âš˜  Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg var. angulata (Fosberg ex Shinners) W.H. Lewis (HENIA)  âš˜  Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg var. parviflora (A. Gray) W.H. Lewis (HENIP2)  âš˜  Hedyotis stenophylla Torr. & A. Gray var. parviflora A. Gray (HESTP)  âš˜  Houstonia rupicola Greenm. (HORU2)   

Smallflower Starviolet: A Rare Southwestern Native Worth Knowing Meet the smallflower starviolet (Stenaria rupicola), a charming little perennial that’s about as specialized as native plants get. This petite member of the madder family calls the rocky landscapes of New Mexico and Texas home, and while it may not be the ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3S4: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Smallflower Starviolet: A Rare Southwestern Native Worth Knowing

Meet the smallflower starviolet (Stenaria rupicola), a charming little perennial that’s about as specialized as native plants get. This petite member of the madder family calls the rocky landscapes of New Mexico and Texas home, and while it may not be the easiest plant to find or grow, it represents the unique beauty of our southwestern flora.

What Makes Smallflower Starviolet Special

The smallflower starviolet is what botanists call a forb – essentially a non-woody flowering plant that dies back to ground level each winter and returns the following spring. Don’t let the small in its name fool you into thinking it’s insignificant; this native has adapted to some pretty tough conditions in its natural habitat.

As a true native of the lower 48 states, this plant has been quietly doing its thing in the American Southwest long before any of us started thinking about native gardening. It’s got quite a collection of former scientific names too, having been shuffled around between the Hedyotis and Houstonia genera before finding its current home as Stenaria rupicola.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

The smallflower starviolet has a pretty exclusive address – you’ll only find it naturally growing in New Mexico and Texas. It’s adapted to the rocky, often challenging conditions of the southwestern landscape, which tells us a lot about what this plant needs to thrive.

A Word About Rarity

Here’s something important to know: smallflower starviolet has a conservation status of S3S4, which means it’s considered somewhat rare to apparently secure but still warrants attention. If you’re thinking about adding this plant to your garden, please make sure you’re working with responsibly sourced material. Never collect plants from the wild, and always purchase from reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their own stock.

Should You Grow Smallflower Starviolet?

This is where things get a bit tricky. While smallflower starviolet is undoubtedly a legitimate native plant worthy of conservation, it’s not exactly what you’d call a beginner-friendly garden plant. Here’s why:

  • It’s extremely rare and hard to find in the nursery trade
  • It’s adapted to very specific rocky, arid conditions that are difficult to replicate
  • Limited information exists about its cultivation requirements
  • Its natural habitat suggests it needs excellent drainage and minimal water

If You’re Determined to Try Growing It

For the adventurous gardener who wants to take on this challenge, here’s what we can piece together about its needs:

Growing Conditions: Based on its native habitat, smallflower starviolet likely prefers rocky, well-draining soil with minimal organic matter. Think desert conditions rather than garden loam.

Hardiness: Given its range in New Mexico and Texas, it should be hardy in USDA zones 7-9, though this is an educated guess based on its geographic distribution.

Water Needs: As a plant of arid regions, it probably requires very little supplemental water once established and may actually suffer from overwatering.

Sun Requirements: Most likely prefers full sun, given its rocky habitat preferences.

Alternative Native Options

If you’re drawn to the idea of small, native southwestern perennials but want something more readily available and easier to grow, consider these alternatives:

  • Desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) for larger spaces
  • Blackfoot daisy (Melampodium leucanthum) for similar small-scale appeal
  • Trailing phlox (Phlox nivalis) for groundcover use

The Bottom Line

Smallflower starviolet is one of those plants that’s more important from a conservation standpoint than a practical gardening one. While it’s a legitimate native with undoubtedly beautiful small flowers (as the name suggests), its rarity and specialized habitat requirements make it a challenging choice for most home gardeners.

If you do decide to seek out this plant, please do so responsibly. Work with conservation organizations, native plant societies, or specialized nurseries that can provide ethically sourced material. Your garden might not be the easiest place for smallflower starviolet to thrive, but supporting its conservation is something we can all get behind.

Sometimes the best way to appreciate a rare native plant is to learn about it, support its conservation, and choose similar but more readily available natives for our own gardens. The smallflower starviolet definitely falls into this category – fascinating, worthy of protection, but probably best admired in its natural habitat.

Smallflower Starviolet

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Rubiales

Family

Rubiaceae Juss. - Madder family

Genus

Stenaria Raf. ex Steud. - diamond-flowers

Species

Stenaria rupicola (Greenm.) Terrell - smallflower starviolet

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA