North America Native Plant

Smallflower Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja parviflora var. parviflora

USDA symbol: CAPAP8

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Castilleja peirsonii Eastw. (CAPE9)   

Smallflower Indian Paintbrush: A Delicate Alpine Beauty for Specialized Gardens If you’ve ever hiked through the high country of western North America and spotted delicate splashes of red, orange, or yellow nestled among rocky outcrops, you’ve likely encountered the smallflower Indian paintbrush (Castilleja parviflora var. parviflora). This charming little wildflower ...

Smallflower Indian Paintbrush: A Delicate Alpine Beauty for Specialized Gardens

If you’ve ever hiked through the high country of western North America and spotted delicate splashes of red, orange, or yellow nestled among rocky outcrops, you’ve likely encountered the smallflower Indian paintbrush (Castilleja parviflora var. parviflora). This charming little wildflower might look unassuming, but it’s perfectly adapted to some of the harshest growing conditions on the continent.

Meet the Smallflower Indian Paintbrush

The smallflower Indian paintbrush is a perennial forb herb that belongs to the fascinating world of Indian paintbrushes. Unlike its showier cousins, this variety keeps things subtle with smaller, more delicate blooms that pack just as much punch in the right setting. You might also see it listed under its former scientific name, Castilleja peirsonii, but don’t let the name changes fool you – it’s the same tough little plant.

Where Does It Call Home?

This native beauty has quite the impressive range, stretching across Alaska, western Canada (Alberta and British Columbia), down into California, and even up into the Yukon Territory. It’s a true child of the mountains, thriving in alpine and subalpine environments where many other plants simply can’t survive.

Why You Might Want This Plant (Or Why You Might Not)

Let’s be honest – the smallflower Indian paintbrush isn’t for every gardener or every garden. Here’s the straight scoop:

The Good News:

  • It’s a native species, so you’re supporting local ecosystems
  • Pollinators, especially hummingbirds, absolutely love the tubular flowers
  • Once established, it’s incredibly hardy and drought-tolerant
  • Perfect for rock gardens and alpine garden settings
  • Adds authentic mountain character to native plant landscapes

The Reality Check:

  • This plant is notoriously difficult to grow from seed or transplant
  • It may be hemiparasitic, meaning it might need specific host plants to thrive
  • Not suitable for traditional garden beds or high-maintenance landscapes
  • Best appreciated in its natural habitat rather than cultivation

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re determined to try growing smallflower Indian paintbrush, you’ll need to recreate its mountain home as closely as possible. This means well-draining, rocky soil, plenty of sunlight (though it can tolerate some shade), and cool temperatures. Think USDA hardiness zones 3-7, where winters are cold and summers are relatively mild.

The plant prefers conditions that would make most garden plants throw in the trowel – poor, rocky soils with excellent drainage and minimal water once established. Overwatering or rich, fertile soil will likely spell doom for this alpine specialist.

The Pollinator Connection

One of the most compelling reasons to appreciate (even if not grow) smallflower Indian paintbrush is its value to wildlife. Those small, tubular flowers are perfectly designed for hummingbirds, and the plant also attracts various bees and butterflies. In its native habitat, it’s an important nectar source during the brief mountain growing season.

A Better Approach

Rather than trying to coax this mountain wildflower into a typical garden setting, consider supporting it in other ways. If you live within its native range, participate in habitat restoration projects or simply appreciate it during mountain hikes. For your garden, look for other native Castilleja species that might be better adapted to cultivation, or choose native alternatives that offer similar wildlife benefits but are more garden-friendly.

The smallflower Indian paintbrush reminds us that not every beautiful plant needs to be in our gardens – sometimes the most special plants are the ones we leave wild and free in their mountain homes, where they can continue to paint the landscape with their subtle, perfect beauty.

Smallflower Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja parviflora Bong. - mountain Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA