North America Native Plant

Small-flower Prairie Wallflower

Botanical name: Erysimum coarctatum

USDA symbol: ERCO45

Life cycle: biennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to Canada  

Synonyms: Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Watson) MacMill. var. coarctatum (Fernald) G.B. Rossbach (ERINC4)   

Small-Flower Prairie Wallflower: A Hardy Native Gem for Northern Gardens If you’re gardening in Canada’s northern regions and looking for a resilient native wildflower that can handle whatever Mother Nature throws at it, meet the small-flower prairie wallflower (Erysimum coarctatum). This unassuming little beauty might not win any flashy flower ...

Small-Flower Prairie Wallflower: A Hardy Native Gem for Northern Gardens

If you’re gardening in Canada’s northern regions and looking for a resilient native wildflower that can handle whatever Mother Nature throws at it, meet the small-flower prairie wallflower (Erysimum coarctatum). This unassuming little beauty might not win any flashy flower contests, but what it lacks in size, it more than makes up for in toughness and charm.

Getting to Know This Northern Native

The small-flower prairie wallflower goes by a few names – you might also hear it called shy wallflower, which seems fitting for this modest bloomer. Botanically speaking, it’s Erysimum coarctatum, though you may occasionally see it listed under its synonym Erysimum inconspicuum var. coarctatum in older references.

This hardy little forb (that’s garden-speak for a non-woody flowering plant) can live as either a biennial or perennial, depending on growing conditions. It’s a true Canadian native, calling the northern reaches of our country home.

Where You’ll Find It Growing Wild

Small-flower prairie wallflower naturally occurs across Canada’s northern provinces and territories, including New Brunswick, Quebec, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Newfoundland. It’s perfectly adapted to the challenging growing conditions of these regions – think short growing seasons, intense cold, and variable precipitation.

Why Consider This Plant for Your Garden?

Here’s where this little wallflower really shines:

  • Extreme cold hardiness: Thrives in USDA zones 2-5, making it perfect for northern gardeners who struggle to find reliable perennials
  • Low maintenance: Once established, it practically takes care of itself
  • Pollinator friendly: The small yellow flower clusters attract native bees and other beneficial insects
  • Drought tolerant: Can handle dry spells once its roots are established
  • Native plant benefits: Supports local ecosystems and requires no fertilizers or special amendments

Perfect Garden Spots

Small-flower prairie wallflower works beautifully in:

  • Rock gardens and alpine plantings
  • Native plant gardens and naturalized areas
  • Wildflower meadows
  • Xeriscaped (low-water) landscapes
  • Cold-climate perennial borders

It’s particularly valuable in challenging spots where other plants might struggle – think exposed areas, slopes, or places with lean soil.

Growing Conditions and Care

This wallflower appreciates:

  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Well-drained soil is essential – it won’t tolerate soggy conditions
  • Water: Moderate water during establishment, then quite drought tolerant
  • pH: Adaptable to various soil pH levels

The beauty of native plants like this wallflower is that they’re already perfectly adapted to local conditions. No need for special fertilizers or soil amendments – in fact, too-rich soil can sometimes make native plants grow too lush and flop over.

Planting and Care Tips

Getting started with small-flower prairie wallflower is refreshingly straightforward:

  • Plant in spring or early fall
  • Space plants about 12-18 inches apart
  • Water regularly the first year while roots establish
  • After that, let nature take care of most of the watering
  • Deadhead spent flowers if you want to prevent self-seeding, or leave them for the birds
  • No fertilizing needed – these plants prefer lean conditions

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

Small-flower prairie wallflower is an excellent choice if you’re gardening in northern Canada and want to support native wildlife while enjoying easy-care blooms. It’s particularly perfect for gardeners who appreciate subtle beauty over flashy displays, and for those dealing with challenging growing conditions.

The main consideration is whether you’re in its natural range – this plant is specifically adapted to northern climates and may not thrive in warmer regions. But if you’re dealing with harsh winters and short growing seasons, this tough little native could become one of your most reliable garden performers.

By choosing native plants like small-flower prairie wallflower, you’re not just adding beauty to your landscape – you’re creating habitat for local pollinators and supporting the ecosystem that makes your region unique. Sometimes the most rewarding garden choices are the quiet, dependable ones that just keep on thriving year after year.

Small-flower Prairie Wallflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Brassicaceae Burnett - Mustard family

Genus

Erysimum L. - wallflower

Species

Erysimum coarctatum Fernald - small-flower prairie wallflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA