North America Native Plant

Slender Cottongrass

Botanical name: Eriophorum gracile var. gracile

USDA symbol: ERGRG2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Alaska âš˜ Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to St. Pierre and Miquelon  

Slender Cottongrass: A Delicate Beauty for Your Bog Garden If you’ve ever wandered through a northern wetland and spotted what looks like tiny cotton balls dancing in the breeze, you’ve likely encountered slender cottongrass (Eriophorum gracile var. gracile). This charming native sedge brings an ethereal quality to water gardens and ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: New Jersey

Status: Endangered, Listed Pinelands, Highlands Listed, SH: New Jersey Highlands region ⚘ New Jersey Pinelands region ⚘ Possibly Extinct: Known only from historical occurrences. Still some hope of rediscovery ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Slender Cottongrass: A Delicate Beauty for Your Bog Garden

If you’ve ever wandered through a northern wetland and spotted what looks like tiny cotton balls dancing in the breeze, you’ve likely encountered slender cottongrass (Eriophorum gracile var. gracile). This charming native sedge brings an ethereal quality to water gardens and naturalistic landscapes that’s hard to match.

What Makes Slender Cottongrass Special?

Don’t let the name fool you – slender cottongrass isn’t actually a grass at all! It’s a member of the sedge family, and those fluffy white cotton balls are actually its seed heads. These distinctive plumes appear in late summer and can persist well into fall, creating a magical display that seems to glow in the landscape.

As a perennial plant, slender cottongrass returns year after year, slowly spreading to form colonies in suitable conditions. Its grass-like appearance and delicate stature make it a perfect accent plant that won’t overwhelm other bog garden inhabitants.

Where Does It Call Home?

Slender cottongrass boasts an impressive native range across much of North America. You’ll find it naturally occurring from Alaska down through Canada and into many northern states including Colorado, Maine, Minnesota, Montana, and many others. It’s truly adapted to thrive in northern climates, making it hardy in USDA zones 2-7.

Important Conservation Note

While slender cottongrass has a wide distribution, it’s worth noting that in New Jersey, this species is listed as endangered. If you’re gardening in areas where it’s rare, please only source plants from reputable nurseries that propagate their stock responsibly – never collect from wild populations.

Perfect for Specialized Gardens

Slender cottongrass isn’t your typical perennial border plant. Instead, it shines in specialized garden settings:

  • Bog gardens and constructed wetlands
  • Rain gardens with consistently moist conditions
  • Naturalistic pond edges
  • Wetland restoration projects
  • Native plant gardens focused on northern species

Its delicate texture and airy seed heads provide beautiful contrast to broader-leaved bog plants like pitcher plants or wild iris.

Growing Slender Cottongrass Successfully

The key to success with slender cottongrass is understanding its natural habitat preferences. In the wild, it thrives in acidic, nutrient-poor wetlands, so replicating these conditions is essential.

Ideal Growing Conditions:

  • Consistently wet to saturated soils
  • Acidic conditions (pH 4.5-6.5)
  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Cool, humid climates
  • Poor to moderately fertile soil

Planting and Care Tips

Once established in the right conditions, slender cottongrass is refreshingly low-maintenance. Here’s how to give it the best start:

  • Plant in spring when soil is workable but still cold
  • Ensure the planting area stays consistently moist – never let it dry out
  • Mulch is generally unnecessary in bog conditions
  • Avoid fertilizing, as rich conditions can actually harm this plant
  • Allow seed heads to remain through winter for continued interest
  • Division can be done in early spring if you want to propagate

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

While slender cottongrass is wind-pollinated and doesn’t directly attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, it plays important ecological roles. The seeds provide food for various waterfowl and small birds, while the plant itself offers nesting material and shelter for wetland wildlife.

Is Slender Cottongrass Right for Your Garden?

Consider slender cottongrass if you:

  • Have a bog garden or consistently wet area
  • Want to create authentic northern wetland habitats
  • Appreciate subtle, naturalistic beauty over flashy blooms
  • Live in cooler climates (zones 2-7)
  • Are working on wetland restoration projects

However, this plant isn’t suitable for typical garden beds or areas that dry out seasonally. It’s definitely a specialist that requires specific conditions to thrive.

When grown in appropriate conditions, slender cottongrass rewards gardeners with its unique beauty and authentic wild character. Those cotton-like seed heads swaying in the breeze create moments of pure magic that make all the specialized care worthwhile.

Slender Cottongrass

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eriophorum L. - cottongrass

Species

Eriophorum gracile W.D.J. Koch - slender cottongrass

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA