North America Native Plant

Singlestem Buckwheat

Botanical name: Eriogonum acaule

USDA symbol: ERAC3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt. var. acaule (Nutt.) R.J. Davis (ERCAA4)   

Singlestem Buckwheat: A Rare Alpine Gem for High-Elevation Gardens If you’re looking for a truly unique native plant that can handle the toughest mountain conditions, singlestem buckwheat (Eriogonum acaule) might just be your perfect match. This remarkable little perennial is one of nature’s ultimate survivors, thriving in places where most ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Singlestem Buckwheat: A Rare Alpine Gem for High-Elevation Gardens

If you’re looking for a truly unique native plant that can handle the toughest mountain conditions, singlestem buckwheat (Eriogonum acaule) might just be your perfect match. This remarkable little perennial is one of nature’s ultimate survivors, thriving in places where most plants would simply give up and call it quits.

What Makes Singlestem Buckwheat Special?

Singlestem buckwheat is a native perennial forb that grows as a low-growing, mat-forming plant. Don’t let its modest size fool you – this tough little character packs a serious punch when it comes to both beauty and resilience. The plant produces clusters of small, cream to white flowers that create a charming carpet effect across rocky terrain.

Where Does It Call Home?

This high-altitude specialist is native to Colorado and Wyoming, where it has adapted to life in some pretty extreme conditions. You’ll find it naturally growing in alpine and subalpine zones, often nestled between rocks and in gravelly soils where few other plants dare to venture.

A Word of Caution: This Plant is Rare

Before we dive into the growing details, there’s something important you need to know: singlestem buckwheat has a Global Conservation Status of S3, meaning it’s considered vulnerable. With typically only 21 to 100 occurrences and between 3,000 to 10,000 individuals in the wild, this plant is genuinely rare. If you decide to grow it, please make sure you source it responsibly from reputable native plant nurseries – never collect from the wild!

Why Grow Singlestem Buckwheat?

Despite its rarity (or perhaps because of it), there are several compelling reasons to consider this plant:

  • It’s incredibly hardy and can survive harsh mountain conditions
  • Perfect for rock gardens and alpine garden designs
  • Requires minimal maintenance once established
  • Attracts native pollinators including small bees and flies
  • Adds authentic high-elevation character to your landscape
  • Forms attractive ground cover in challenging spots

Growing Conditions and Care

Singlestem buckwheat isn’t your typical garden plant – it has some very specific needs that mirror its harsh native environment:

Sunlight: Full sun is absolutely essential. This plant has evolved to handle intense mountain sunshine.

Soil: Well-draining, gravelly soils are a must. Think rocky, sandy, or even clay soils as long as water doesn’t sit around. Poor soils are actually preferred!

Water: Once established, this plant wants to stay on the dry side. Overwatering is probably the fastest way to kill it.

Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 4-7, this plant can handle serious cold but may struggle in hot, humid conditions.

Perfect Garden Settings

Singlestem buckwheat shines in specific garden types:

  • Rock gardens where it can sprawl between stones
  • Alpine and high-elevation native plant gardens
  • Xeriscaping projects focused on water conservation
  • Challenging slopes or areas with poor soil
  • Wildlife gardens designed to support native pollinators

Planting and Care Tips

Getting singlestem buckwheat established requires some patience and the right approach:

  • Plant in spring after the last frost, but avoid hot summer planting
  • Ensure excellent drainage – consider raised beds or slopes if your soil holds water
  • Water gently during establishment, then back off significantly
  • Mulch lightly with gravel or small stones rather than organic mulch
  • Avoid fertilizing – this plant prefers lean conditions
  • Be patient – alpine plants often grow slowly but live long lives

Supporting Wildlife

While small in stature, singlestem buckwheat punches above its weight when it comes to supporting wildlife. Its flowers attract various native pollinators, particularly small bees and flies that are well-adapted to high-elevation conditions. By growing this plant, you’re supporting these often-overlooked but crucial members of mountain ecosystems.

The Bottom Line

Singlestem buckwheat isn’t for every garden or every gardener. It’s a specialized plant that requires specific conditions and responsible sourcing due to its rarity. However, if you have the right conditions and can source it ethically, it offers a unique opportunity to grow a truly authentic piece of high-elevation American wilderness. Just remember – with great rarity comes great responsibility!

Singlestem Buckwheat

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Caryophyllidae

Order

Polygonales

Family

Polygonaceae Juss. - Buckwheat family

Genus

Eriogonum Michx. - buckwheat

Species

Eriogonum acaule Nutt. - singlestem buckwheat

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA