North America Native Plant

Shortleaf Lobelia

Botanical name: Lobelia brevifolia

USDA symbol: LOBR3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Shortleaf Lobelia: A Delicate Native Beauty for Southern Gardens If you’re looking to add a touch of wild elegance to your southeastern garden, meet shortleaf lobelia (Lobelia brevifolia). This charming native perennial might not be the showiest plant in your garden center, but it’s a hardworking member of our local ...

Shortleaf Lobelia: A Delicate Native Beauty for Southern Gardens

If you’re looking to add a touch of wild elegance to your southeastern garden, meet shortleaf lobelia (Lobelia brevifolia). This charming native perennial might not be the showiest plant in your garden center, but it’s a hardworking member of our local ecosystem that deserves a spot in every native plant enthusiast’s landscape.

What is Shortleaf Lobelia?

Shortleaf lobelia is a native perennial forb – that’s botanist speak for a soft-stemmed, herbaceous plant that comes back year after year. Unlike its woody shrub and tree neighbors, this delicate beauty stays low to the ground and produces lovely tubular flowers that are perfectly designed for pollinators.

Where Does Shortleaf Lobelia Call Home?

This southeastern native has chosen some pretty prime real estate for its natural range. You’ll find shortleaf lobelia growing wild in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi, where it thrives in the region’s unique coastal plain environments.

Why Grow Shortleaf Lobelia in Your Garden?

Here’s where this humble native really shines – it’s a wildlife magnet! Shortleaf lobelia punches well above its weight class when it comes to supporting local ecosystems:

  • Large animals rely on it for 10-25% of their diet and occasionally use it for cover
  • Terrestrial birds nibble on it for 2-5% of their diet and find sparse cover among its foliage
  • Its tubular flowers attract butterflies, bees, and other important pollinators
  • As a native plant, it supports local food webs without any of the ecological concerns that come with non-native species

Perfect Garden Spots for Shortleaf Lobelia

Shortleaf lobelia is wonderfully adaptable when it comes to moisture levels. It has a facultative wetland status, which means it’s equally happy in wet spots and regular garden soil. This makes it perfect for:

  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Native plant gardens
  • Naturalized areas
  • Edges of ponds or streams
  • Mixed perennial borders with other southeastern natives

Growing Shortleaf Lobelia Successfully

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8-10 (perfect for its native southeastern range)

Light Requirements: Partial shade to full sun – it’s quite flexible!

Soil Preferences: Moist to wet soils are ideal, but it can handle average garden conditions once established

Planting Tips:

  • Plant in spring after the last frost date
  • Space plants according to their mature size (specific dimensions may vary)
  • Water regularly the first season to help establish roots
  • Once established, this low-maintenance native will largely take care of itself

Care Requirements: The beauty of native plants is their low-maintenance nature. Keep soil consistently moist if possible, especially during dry spells, but don’t worry too much – this adaptable native has survived in the Southeast for thousands of years!

The Bottom Line

Shortleaf lobelia may not be the flashiest plant at the garden center, but it’s exactly the kind of hardworking native that makes a real difference in your local ecosystem. If you’re gardening in the Southeast and want to support wildlife while adding delicate beauty to your landscape, this perennial deserves serious consideration. Plus, once it’s established, you’ll have a reliable performer that comes back year after year with minimal fuss.

Ready to welcome some native charm into your garden? Your local wildlife will thank you!

Wildlife Status

Want to attract wildlife or keep hungry critters away from your garden? Understanding the relationship between plants and wildlife is key. While plant tags may indicate deer and rabbit resistance, they don't tell the full story. Every gardener has experienced the disappointment of purchasing "deer-resistant" plants only to find them nibbled to the ground!

The extent to which plants are resistant to animal browsing is a matter of degree. Likewise, the extent to which a plant attracts wanted visitors also varies. Whether you want a garden full or free of wildlife, learning about interactions between a plant and wild animals can help you make smarter choices for the garden you desire.

As shown below Shrubby Indian Mallow isn't a large food source for animals or birds. You can confidently add this plant to your garden and rest assured knowing it's unlikely to be devoured by four-legged visitors.

Small animals

not a food source

not a source of cover

Large animals

Average 10-25% of diet

Occasional source of cover

Terrestrial birds

2-5% of diet

Sparsely used as cover

Water birds

not a food source

not a source of cover

Sources:

Miller, J.H., and K.V. Miller. 1999. Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses. Southern Weed Science Society.

Shortleaf Lobelia

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Campanulales

Family

Campanulaceae Juss. - Bellflower family

Genus

Lobelia L. - lobelia

Species

Lobelia brevifolia Nutt. ex A. DC. - shortleaf lobelia

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA