North America Native Plant

Shortfruit Willow

Botanical name: Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila

USDA symbol: SABRP5

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to Canada  

Shortfruit Willow: A Rare Prairie Gem Worth Knowing About Meet the shortfruit willow (Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila), a fascinating native shrub that’s as rare as it is resilient. This perennial woody plant calls the Canadian prairies home, specifically Saskatchewan, where it has adapted to some pretty tough growing conditions. What ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S5T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Shortfruit Willow: A Rare Prairie Gem Worth Knowing About

Meet the shortfruit willow (Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila), a fascinating native shrub that’s as rare as it is resilient. This perennial woody plant calls the Canadian prairies home, specifically Saskatchewan, where it has adapted to some pretty tough growing conditions.

What Makes This Willow Special?

The shortfruit willow is what botanists call a shrub – think of it as a multi-stemmed woody plant that typically stays under 13-16 feet tall, though it can sometimes stretch taller depending on where it’s growing. Like most willows, it’s built to last, being a true perennial that comes back year after year.

What sets this particular variety apart is its specialized nature. The psammophila part of its name actually gives us a clue – it refers to plants that love sandy soils, hinting at this willow’s particular habitat preferences.

Where You’ll Find It (Or Won’t)

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit concerning. This shortfruit willow variety is native to Canada but has an extremely limited range, found only in Saskatchewan. Its rarity is reflected in its Global Conservation Status of S5T2T3, which indicates this plant is quite uncommon.

Should You Plant It in Your Garden?

While the idea of growing a rare native plant might sound appealing, there are some important considerations with this particular willow:

  • Rarity concerns: With its limited distribution and conservation status, this isn’t a plant you’ll find at your local nursery
  • Specialized needs: This variety has likely evolved for very specific prairie conditions that might be hard to replicate in typical garden settings
  • Limited availability: Finding responsibly sourced plant material would be extremely challenging

A Better Alternative

If you’re drawn to native willows for your landscape, consider looking into other Salix species that are more widely available and better suited for cultivation. Many willows offer similar benefits – they’re often fast-growing, provide wildlife habitat, and can handle tough conditions – without the conservation concerns.

Conservation Matters

The shortfruit willow serves as a reminder of how specialized and fragile our native plant communities can be. Rather than trying to cultivate this rare variety, the best thing we can do is support habitat conservation efforts in Saskatchewan and choose more common native alternatives for our gardens.

Sometimes the most responsible thing we can do as gardeners is admire a plant from afar and let it thrive in its natural habitat, where it’s perfectly adapted to conditions we probably couldn’t replicate anyway.

The Bottom Line

While Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila is undoubtedly an interesting native plant, it’s not really a candidate for home cultivation. Its rarity, specialized habitat needs, and extremely limited distribution make it more of a plant to appreciate in the wild than to grow in our gardens. Instead, focus on other native willows or prairie plants that can give you similar satisfaction without the conservation concerns.

Shortfruit Willow

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Salicales

Family

Salicaceae Mirb. - Willow family

Genus

Salix L. - willow

Species

Salix brachycarpa Nutt. - shortfruit willow

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA