North America Native Plant

Shortfruit Spikerush

Botanical name: Eleocharis brachycarpa

USDA symbol: ELBR4

Life cycle: annual

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Shortfruit Spikerush: A Rare Texas Native That’s Not for Every Garden Meet the shortfruit spikerush (Eleocharis brachycarpa), a tiny annual sedge that’s as rare as it is specialized. If you’re expecting a showy garden star, you might want to keep scrolling – but if you’re passionate about conserving Texas’s rarest ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S1: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Shortfruit Spikerush: A Rare Texas Native That’s Not for Every Garden

Meet the shortfruit spikerush (Eleocharis brachycarpa), a tiny annual sedge that’s as rare as it is specialized. If you’re expecting a showy garden star, you might want to keep scrolling – but if you’re passionate about conserving Texas’s rarest plants or creating authentic wetland habitats, this little guy might just capture your heart.

What Makes Shortfruit Spikerush Special?

Don’t let its humble appearance fool you. This grass-like plant belongs to the sedge family (Cyperaceae) and represents one of Texas’s most imperiled native species. As an annual, it completes its entire life cycle in just one growing season, making every year a race against time for this vulnerable species.

With a Global Conservation Status of S1, shortfruit spikerush is considered critically imperiled. This means there are typically only five or fewer known populations remaining, with very few individuals in the wild – fewer than 1,000 plants total. That’s rarer than many animals on the endangered species list!

Where Does It Call Home?

Shortfruit spikerush is a true Texas endemic, found nowhere else in the world. Its entire natural range is limited to the Lone Star State, making it a genuine botanical treasure. This extremely limited distribution contributes to its precarious conservation status.

Should You Grow Shortfruit Spikerush?

Here’s where things get complicated. While we absolutely want to encourage growing native plants, shortfruit spikerush comes with some serious considerations:

  • Rarity concerns: With so few plants left in the wild, any cultivation should only use responsibly sourced seeds or plants from conservation programs
  • Specialized needs: This isn’t your typical garden plant – it requires wetland conditions that most home gardens can’t provide
  • Limited appeal: It’s a small, inconspicuous plant that won’t add visual drama to your landscape
  • Conservation value: Growing it helps preserve genetic diversity and potentially provides seed for restoration projects

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re committed to growing this rare beauty, here’s what you need to know:

Habitat Requirements: Shortfruit spikerush naturally grows in seasonal wetlands, temporary pools, and areas with fluctuating water levels. It’s adapted to USDA hardiness zones 8-10, matching Texas’s climate perfectly.

Soil and Water: This plant demands consistently moist to wet soil conditions. Think bog garden or the edges of a natural pond rather than a regular flower bed. It can handle periods of standing water followed by moist (but not dry) conditions.

Light: Full sun to partial shade works best, though it tends to prefer brighter conditions in its natural wetland habitats.

Maintenance: As an annual, it will complete its life cycle and die back each year. Success depends on allowing it to self-seed in appropriate conditions or collecting and storing seeds for the following season.

The Bottom Line

Shortfruit spikerush isn’t for every gardener or every garden. It’s a plant for conservation-minded individuals with the right growing conditions and access to ethically sourced material. If you have a wetland garden, participate in native plant conservation programs, or have property with natural seasonal wet areas, this could be a meaningful addition to your conservation efforts.

For most home gardeners interested in supporting Texas natives, consider more readily available and less specialized sedges and rushes that can thrive in regular garden conditions while still providing ecological benefits. Remember, the best way to help rare plants like shortfruit spikerush is often to protect their natural habitats and support conservation organizations working to preserve them.

If you do decide to grow this rare gem, make sure your plants come from reputable conservation sources, and consider participating in seed collection programs that help maintain genetic diversity for future restoration efforts. Every plant counts when you’re dealing with a species this close to the edge.

Shortfruit Spikerush

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Eleocharis R. Br. - spikerush

Species

Eleocharis brachycarpa Svens. - shortfruit spikerush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA