North America Native Plant

Short Lupine

Botanical name: Lupinus brevior

USDA symbol: LUBR4

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Short Lupine: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting Meet the short lupine (Lupinus brevior), a charming but uncommon native wildflower that calls California home. This petite annual lupine might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it carries special significance as one of California’s rarer native species. What ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Short Lupine: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting

Meet the short lupine (Lupinus brevior), a charming but uncommon native wildflower that calls California home. This petite annual lupine might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it carries special significance as one of California’s rarer native species.

What Makes Short Lupine Special?

Short lupine is an annual forb—essentially a soft-stemmed flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in one growing season. Like its lupine cousins, it produces the classic pea-family flowers arranged in upright spikes, though as its name suggests, this species stays relatively compact compared to other lupines.

This native beauty belongs exclusively to California’s diverse flora, making it a true Golden State original. However, here’s where things get interesting (and important): short lupine has a Global Conservation Status of S2S3, meaning it’s considered rare to uncommon in its natural range.

Should You Plant Short Lupine in Your Garden?

Here’s where we need to have an honest conversation. While short lupine would make a lovely addition to native plant gardens and wildflower meadows, its rarity status means we need to approach it thoughtfully.

If you’re considering growing short lupine, please only source it responsibly:

  • Purchase seeds or plants from reputable native plant nurseries that ethically propagate their stock
  • Never collect seeds or plants from wild populations
  • Consider supporting conservation efforts for this species instead of or alongside home cultivation

Growing Conditions and Care

If you do choose to grow short lupine with responsibly sourced material, here’s what this California native likely prefers:

Ideal Growing Conditions:

  • Full sun exposure
  • Well-draining soil (lupines generally dislike wet feet)
  • Mediterranean climate conditions typical of California
  • Minimal summer water once established

As an annual, short lupine will complete its growth cycle in one season, so you’ll need to allow it to set seed for future generations or replant each year.

Garden Design and Landscape Use

Short lupine works beautifully in:

  • Native California plant gardens
  • Wildflower meadow plantings
  • Naturalistic, low-water landscapes
  • Conservation-focused garden spaces

Wildlife and Pollinator Benefits

Like other members of the lupine family, short lupine likely provides nectar and pollen for native bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. The seeds may also support small wildlife, though specific wildlife relationships for this particular species need more research.

Alternative Options

Given short lupine’s rarity, you might consider these more common California native lupines that offer similar garden appeal:

  • Arroyo lupine (Lupinus succulentus)
  • Sky lupine (Lupinus nanus)
  • Yellow bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus)

The Bottom Line

Short lupine represents the delicate balance between gardening desires and conservation responsibility. While it would undoubtedly add authentic California character to native plant gardens, its rare status means we should prioritize its protection in the wild.

If you’re passionate about supporting rare California natives, consider contributing to habitat conservation efforts, volunteering with native plant societies, or focusing your garden on more common (but equally beautiful) native species that can better handle cultivation pressure.

Remember: sometimes the most loving thing we can do for a rare plant is to admire it in its natural habitat and leave it undisturbed for future generations to enjoy.

Short Lupine

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Lupinus L. - lupine

Species

Lupinus brevior (Jeps.) Christian & D. Dunn - short lupine

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA