North America Native Plant

Serpentine Bittercress

Botanical name: Cardamine pachystigma var. dissectifolia

USDA symbol: CAPAD2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Dentaria pachystigma (S. Watson) S. Watson var. dissectifolia Detling (DEPAD)   

Serpentine Bittercress: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting If you’re a California native plant enthusiast looking for something truly special—and rare—serpentine bittercress (Cardamine pachystigma var. dissectifolia) might catch your attention. But before you start planning where to plant it, there are some important things you need to know about this ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S3S5T3Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Secure: At very low or no risk of extinction in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats. ⚘

Serpentine Bittercress: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting

If you’re a California native plant enthusiast looking for something truly special—and rare—serpentine bittercress (Cardamine pachystigma var. dissectifolia) might catch your attention. But before you start planning where to plant it, there are some important things you need to know about this elusive perennial.

What Makes Serpentine Bittercress Special

Serpentine bittercress is a perennial forb, meaning it’s an herbaceous plant that comes back year after year without developing woody stems. As part of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), it shares characteristics with other bittercress species but has carved out its own specialized niche in California’s unique serpentine soils.

You might also see this plant listed under its botanical synonym, Dentaria pachystigma var. dissectifolia, in older references—botanists love to keep us on our toes with name changes!

Where Does It Call Home?

This native beauty has an extremely limited range, found only in California. Its common name gives us a big clue about its preferred habitat—those challenging serpentine soils that many plants can’t tolerate. This specialization is both what makes it unique and what contributes to its rarity.

The Rarity Reality Check

Here’s where we need to have a serious conversation. Serpentine bittercress has a Global Conservation Status of S3S5T3Q, which indicates conservation concern. While the exact definition is complex, this status tells us this plant needs our attention and protection.

If you’re considering growing serpentine bittercress, please only use responsibly sourced material. This means:

  • Never collect from wild populations
  • Purchase only from reputable native plant nurseries
  • Verify the source of any seeds or plants
  • Consider supporting conservation efforts instead of personal cultivation

Growing Serpentine Bittercress: The Challenge

Honestly, growing serpentine bittercress is not for the average gardener. Its specialized habitat requirements and rarity mean that successful cultivation information is extremely limited. What we do know is that it’s adapted to serpentine soils, which are notoriously difficult to replicate in typical garden settings.

Garden Role and Landscape Use

Given its rarity and specialized needs, serpentine bittercress is better suited for:

  • Specialized native plant collections
  • Botanical gardens with appropriate expertise
  • Conservation-focused restoration projects
  • Research institutions studying serpentine ecology

For most home gardeners, this plant is more of a admire from afar species rather than a practical landscape choice.

Better Alternatives for Your Garden

If you’re drawn to California native plants in the mustard family, consider these more readily available and garden-friendly options:

  • Other Cardamine species that are less rare
  • California native wildflowers adapted to your specific region
  • Plants that provide similar ecological functions without conservation concerns

Supporting Conservation

The best way to help serpentine bittercress thrive is to support habitat conservation efforts in California. Many organizations work to protect serpentine grasslands and the specialized plants that call them home.

Sometimes the most loving thing we can do for a rare plant is to appreciate it in its natural habitat and work to protect the places where it grows wild. Serpentine bittercress is one of those special plants that reminds us that not every native species is meant for our gardens—and that’s perfectly okay.

Serpentine Bittercress

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Dilleniidae

Order

Capparales

Family

Brassicaceae Burnett - Mustard family

Genus

Cardamine L. - bittercress

Species

Cardamine pachystigma (S. Watson) Rollins - serpentine bittercress

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA