North America Native Plant

Santesson’s Map Lichen

Botanical name: Rhizocarpon santessonii

USDA symbol: RHSA6

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Santesson’s Map Lichen: A Fascinating Rock-Dwelling Organism in Your Landscape Have you ever noticed those curious circular patches of yellow-green growth on rocks around your property? You might be looking at Santesson’s map lichen (Rhizocarpon santessonii), a remarkable organism that’s neither plant nor animal, but something wonderfully unique in between! ...

Santesson’s Map Lichen: A Fascinating Rock-Dwelling Organism in Your Landscape

Have you ever noticed those curious circular patches of yellow-green growth on rocks around your property? You might be looking at Santesson’s map lichen (Rhizocarpon santessonii), a remarkable organism that’s neither plant nor animal, but something wonderfully unique in between!

What Exactly Is Santesson’s Map Lichen?

Despite its name suggesting it’s a plant, Santesson’s map lichen is actually a fascinating partnership between a fungus and algae living together in perfect harmony. This collaboration, called a symbiotic relationship, allows them to thrive in places where neither could survive alone. The fungus provides structure and protection, while the algae produces food through photosynthesis – nature’s ultimate roommate situation!

This native North American species gets its map nickname from its distinctive appearance: circular, crusty patches that often have dark borders, resembling the boundaries on old cartographer’s maps.

Where You’ll Find This Natural Wonder

Santesson’s map lichen calls the harsh, rocky landscapes of North America’s arctic and subarctic regions home. It’s particularly fond of acidic, siliceous rocks where it can slowly but steadily establish its circular colonies over many years.

Identifying Santesson’s Map Lichen

Spotting this lichen is like being a nature detective! Here’s what to look for:

  • Circular or roughly round patches on rock surfaces
  • Yellow-green to grayish coloration
  • Distinctive black borders around the edges
  • Crusty, flat appearance that seems painted onto the rock
  • Slow-growing colonies that expand outward over time

Is It Beneficial for Your Garden?

While you can’t plant or cultivate Santesson’s map lichen like a traditional garden plant, finding it naturally occurring on rocks in your landscape is actually a wonderful sign! Lichens are incredibly sensitive to air pollution, so their presence indicates you have clean, healthy air quality in your area.

Think of lichens as nature’s air quality monitors – they’re doing important environmental work right in your backyard. They also add subtle, natural beauty to rock features and can make stone walls, boulders, or rock gardens look more established and integrated with the natural environment.

Living Alongside This Natural Treasure

If you’re lucky enough to have Santesson’s map lichen growing on rocks in your landscape, the best thing you can do is simply appreciate it and let it be. These slow-growing organisms can take decades to establish themselves, so they deserve our respect and protection.

Avoid using harsh chemicals or pressure washing near areas where lichens grow, as they’re sensitive to pollutants and disturbance. Instead, celebrate having these ancient, resilient organisms as natural residents of your outdoor space!

A Window into Deep Time

Perhaps the most amazing thing about Santesson’s map lichen is its patience. These organisms grow incredibly slowly, sometimes taking years to expand just a few millimeters. Some lichen colonies are hundreds of years old, making them living links to the past and silent witnesses to environmental changes over time.

Next time you spot those distinctive circular patches on a rock, take a moment to appreciate the remarkable biological partnership you’re witnessing – and the clean air quality it represents in your corner of the world!

Santesson’s Map Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner

Genus

Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. - map lichen

Species

Rhizocarpon santessonii Timdal - Santesson's map lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA