North America Native Plant

Sandpaper Vervain

Botanical name: Verbena scabra

USDA symbol: VESC

Life cycle: biennial

Habit: subshrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Puerto Rico  

Sandpaper Vervain: A Hardy Native for Wet Spots and Wildlife Gardens If you’re looking for a tough native plant that thrives in those tricky wet spots in your garden, sandpaper vervain (Verbena scabra) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming little wildflower packs a punch when it comes ...

Sandpaper Vervain: A Hardy Native for Wet Spots and Wildlife Gardens

If you’re looking for a tough native plant that thrives in those tricky wet spots in your garden, sandpaper vervain (Verbena scabra) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming little wildflower packs a punch when it comes to supporting local wildlife while asking for very little in return.

What is Sandpaper Vervain?

Sandpaper vervain is a native North American herb that belongs to the vervain family. True to its common name, this plant has a somewhat rough, textured feel to its leaves – hence the sandpaper reference. Don’t let the humble appearance fool you though; this hardy little plant is a workhorse in the garden.

As a forb (that’s garden-speak for a non-woody flowering plant), sandpaper vervain can live as an annual, biennial, or perennial depending on growing conditions. It lacks the woody stems of shrubs and trees, instead producing its perennating buds at or just below ground level.

Where Does It Grow Naturally?

Sandpaper vervain is native to a impressive swath of the United States and Puerto Rico. You’ll find it growing naturally across the Southeast and extending into the Southwest, including Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia, plus Puerto Rico.

The Wet Spot Specialist

Here’s where sandpaper vervain really shines: it loves moisture. In fact, its relationship with water varies dramatically by region:

  • In the Arid West and Great Plains, it’s considered an obligate wetland plant – meaning it almost always needs wet conditions
  • In the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, Eastern Mountains, and Midwest regions, it’s facultative wetland – usually preferring wet spots but tolerating drier conditions
  • In the Caribbean, it’s truly flexible, growing happily in both wet and dry locations

This makes it a fantastic choice for rain gardens, pond edges, or those perpetually soggy spots where other plants struggle.

Why Grow Sandpaper Vervain?

Beyond its practical benefits for wet areas, sandpaper vervain offers several compelling reasons to include it in your landscape:

  • Pollinator magnet: The small purple to lavender flowers, arranged in attractive terminal spikes, are beloved by butterflies, native bees, and other small pollinators
  • Long bloom period: Flowers appear from spring through fall, providing consistent nectar sources
  • Low maintenance: Once established, this tough native asks for very little care
  • Naturalized look: Perfect for wildflower meadows, naturalized areas, and restoration projects

Growing Sandpaper Vervain Successfully

The good news is that sandpaper vervain is refreshingly easy to grow, especially if you can provide its preferred conditions:

Light Requirements

Full sun to partial shade works well, though it tends to flower more prolifically in sunnier locations.

Soil and Water

This plant thrives in moist to wet soils and is particularly tolerant of clay soils that stay soggy. It can even handle seasonal flooding, making it ideal for areas with poor drainage that challenge other plants.

Hardiness

Generally hardy in USDA zones 8-10, though this can vary depending on your specific region and local growing conditions.

Planting and Care Tips

  • Plant in spring after the last frost
  • Ensure consistent moisture, especially during establishment
  • Minimal fertilization needed – this native is adapted to natural soil conditions
  • Allow some plants to go to seed if you want natural spreading
  • Can self-seed readily in favorable conditions

Perfect Garden Partners

Sandpaper vervain plays well with other moisture-loving natives. Consider pairing it with cardinal flower, blue flag iris, or native sedges for a naturalized wetland garden. It also works beautifully in pollinator gardens alongside other native wildflowers.

The Bottom Line

If you have a wet spot that needs filling or want to support local pollinators with a truly native plant, sandpaper vervain deserves serious consideration. It’s not the showiest plant in the garden, but it’s reliable, beneficial to wildlife, and perfectly adapted to challenging wet conditions where other plants might fail. Sometimes the most valuable garden plants are the ones that quietly do their job while supporting the ecosystem around them – and sandpaper vervain does exactly that.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Arid West

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Caribbean

FAC

Facultative - Plants with this status can occur in wetlands and non-wetlands

Eastern Mountains and Piedmont

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Great Plains

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Midwest

FACW

Facultative Wetland - Plants with this status usually occurs in wetlands but may occur in non-wetlands

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Sandpaper Vervain

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Lamiales

Family

Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil. - Verbena family

Genus

Verbena L. - vervain

Species

Verbena scabra Vahl - sandpaper vervain

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA