North America Native Plant

San Bernardino Mountain Monkeyflower

Botanical name: Mimulus exiguus

USDA symbol: MIEX

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

San Bernardino Mountain Monkeyflower: A Rare Native Worth Protecting Meet the San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower (Mimulus exiguus), one of California’s most precious floral gems. This tiny annual wildflower might not win any size contests, but what it lacks in stature, it makes up for in conservation importance and delicate charm. ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘

San Bernardino Mountain Monkeyflower: A Rare Native Worth Protecting

Meet the San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower (Mimulus exiguus), one of California’s most precious floral gems. This tiny annual wildflower might not win any size contests, but what it lacks in stature, it makes up for in conservation importance and delicate charm.

A Rare California Endemic

The San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower is a true California native, found exclusively in the Golden State. This petite annual forb calls the San Bernardino Mountains region home, where it has adapted to the unique conditions of Southern California’s mountainous terrain.

Important Conservation Note: This plant carries a Global Conservation Status of S2, meaning it’s imperiled due to extreme rarity. With typically only 6 to 20 known occurrences and few remaining individuals, this monkeyflower is considered especially vulnerable to extinction.

Why Consider Growing This Rare Beauty?

Despite its rarity—or perhaps because of it—the San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower offers unique appeal for dedicated native plant gardeners:

  • Supports conservation efforts for an imperiled species
  • Provides habitat for native pollinators, particularly small native bees
  • Adds authentic California character to native plant gardens
  • Demonstrates commitment to preserving regional biodiversity

Garden Design and Landscape Role

As a small annual forb, this monkeyflower works best in specialized settings rather than as a showstopper in traditional landscapes. Consider it for:

  • Native California plant collections
  • Rock gardens with California natives
  • Conservation-focused plantings
  • Educational or demonstration gardens

Its delicate yellow flowers and compact growth habit make it perfect for close-up viewing in smaller, intimate garden spaces.

Growing Conditions and Care

Like many California natives, the San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower has adapted to the state’s Mediterranean climate patterns. While specific growing requirements aren’t extensively documented due to its rarity, you can expect:

  • Well-draining soil conditions
  • Moderate water needs (facultative upland status means it usually grows in non-wetland areas)
  • Annual life cycle requiring yearly replanting from seed
  • Adaptation to USDA hardiness zones typical of California mountains (approximately zones 8-10)

The Responsible Approach

Here’s the crucial part: if you’re interested in growing San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower, you must source seeds or plants responsibly. Never collect from wild populations, as this could further threaten the species’ survival.

Instead, look for:

  • Seeds from established conservation programs
  • Plants propagated by reputable native plant nurseries
  • Participation in formal conservation seed collection efforts
  • Connection with botanical gardens or universities working on monkeyflower conservation

Supporting Conservation Through Gardening

By choosing to grow this rare monkeyflower responsibly, you become part of a conservation network helping to preserve California’s botanical heritage. Your garden can serve as a refuge population while supporting the pollinators and wildlife that depend on native California plants.

Remember, with great rarity comes great responsibility. The San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower isn’t just a plant—it’s a living piece of California’s natural history that needs our protection to survive for future generations.

San Bernardino Mountain Monkeyflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Mimulus L. - monkeyflower

Species

Mimulus exiguus A. Gray - San Bernardino Mountain monkeyflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA