North America Native Plant

Salmon Creek Indian Paintbrush

Botanical name: Castilleja praeterita

USDA symbol: CAPR11

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Salmon Creek Indian Paintbrush: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting If you’re passionate about native California plants and conservation, you’ve likely heard whispers about the elusive Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush. This striking wildflower isn’t just another pretty face in the garden—it’s a rare botanical treasure that deserves our attention and ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S2S3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals ⚘

Salmon Creek Indian Paintbrush: A Rare California Native Worth Protecting

If you’re passionate about native California plants and conservation, you’ve likely heard whispers about the elusive Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush. This striking wildflower isn’t just another pretty face in the garden—it’s a rare botanical treasure that deserves our attention and respect.

What Makes This Plant Special?

Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush (Castilleja praeterita) is a perennial forb that belongs to California’s rich native flora. As a herbaceous plant without woody stems, it emerges fresh each growing season with vibrant red-orange tubular flowers that practically glow against the landscape. The blooms typically appear from spring through early summer, creating a spectacular display that’s both eye-catching and ecologically valuable.

Where Does It Call Home?

This California endemic is found exclusively within the Golden State, particularly in the Central Coast region. Its limited geographic distribution makes it a true local specialty—think of it as the botanical equivalent of a rare vintage wine that can only be produced in one specific terroir.

Conservation Alert: Handle with Care

Here’s where things get serious, fellow gardeners. Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush has a Global Conservation Status of S2S3, meaning it’s considered imperiled to vulnerable. This isn’t a plant you can casually pick up at your local nursery, nor should it be. If you’re considering adding this species to your garden, you absolutely must source it responsibly from reputable native plant societies or conservation organizations that propagate from legally collected seeds.

Why Gardeners Love (and Struggle with) Indian Paintbrush

The appeal is obvious—those brilliant flowers are hummingbird magnets and add authentic California character to any native landscape. Indian paintbrush species are also important for supporting native bees and other pollinators. However, here’s the catch that many gardeners discover the hard way: Castilleja species are partially parasitic plants.

These crafty little plants attach their roots to nearby host plants, essentially borrowing nutrients. This parasitic relationship makes them notoriously difficult to establish in typical garden settings. You can’t just plop them in a pot or prepared bed and expect success—they need their plant partners to thrive.

Growing Conditions and Care Tips

If you’re determined to try growing Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush (and we admire your conservation spirit!), here’s what you need to know:

  • Climate: USDA Hardiness Zones 8-10
  • Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
  • Soil: Well-draining soils; avoid heavy clay or constantly moist conditions
  • Water: Drought-tolerant once established; minimal summer water needed
  • Host plants: Plant alongside native grasses and shrubs that can serve as hosts

Is This Plant Right for Your Garden?

Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush is ideal for:

  • Dedicated native plant enthusiasts
  • Wildflower meadow restorations
  • Conservation-focused landscapes
  • Experienced gardeners comfortable with challenging plants

It’s probably not the best choice if you’re looking for:

  • Easy, reliable garden performers
  • Plants for formal landscape designs
  • Low-maintenance color displays

Supporting Conservation Through Gardening

While growing Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush might be challenging, there are other ways to support this rare species. Consider donating to organizations working on habitat preservation, participating in citizen science projects, or choosing other native Castilleja species that are more common and easier to cultivate.

Remember, sometimes the best way to love a rare plant is to appreciate it in its natural habitat and support the broader ecosystem that sustains it. Your native garden can still make a difference by providing habitat for the pollinators and wildlife that these rare species depend on for survival.

Salmon Creek Indian Paintbrush

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. - Indian paintbrush

Species

Castilleja praeterita Heckard & Bacig. - Salmon Creek Indian paintbrush

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA