North America Native Plant

Rufous False Cocaine

Botanical name: Erythroxylum rufum

USDA symbol: ERRU4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to Puerto Rico  

Rufous False Cocaine: A Rare Gem for Puerto Rican Gardens If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico and looking for truly native plants that connect your landscape to the island’s natural heritage, Erythroxylum rufum (commonly known as rufous false cocaine) might just be the hidden treasure you’ve been seeking. This perennial ...

Rufous False Cocaine: A Rare Gem for Puerto Rican Gardens

If you’re gardening in Puerto Rico and looking for truly native plants that connect your landscape to the island’s natural heritage, Erythroxylum rufum (commonly known as rufous false cocaine) might just be the hidden treasure you’ve been seeking. This perennial shrub represents the kind of authentic native plant that’s becoming increasingly important for sustainable, eco-friendly gardening.

What Makes This Plant Special?

Rufous false cocaine is a multi-stemmed woody shrub that typically grows to heights of 13-16 feet, though it can sometimes stretch taller under the right conditions. As a member of the Erythroxylum family, it shares lineage with some interesting botanical relatives, but don’t let the false cocaine name worry you – this is simply a descriptive common name that helps distinguish it from other plants in the same genus.

What makes this shrub particularly valuable is its status as a true Puerto Rican native. In an era where many gardens are filled with non-native species, choosing plants like Erythroxylum rufum helps preserve local biodiversity and supports the ecosystem that evolved alongside these plants.

Where You’ll Find It Growing

This species is endemic to Puerto Rico, meaning it naturally occurs nowhere else in the world. When you plant rufous false cocaine in your garden, you’re literally cultivating a piece of Puerto Rico’s unique botanical heritage.

Should You Plant It in Your Garden?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky – and honestly, quite intriguing. Rufous false cocaine falls into that category of native plants that aren’t widely documented in horticultural literature. This could mean several things:

  • It may be a rare or uncommon species that hasn’t made it into mainstream gardening
  • It might have specific growing requirements that make it challenging to cultivate
  • It could simply be an understudied plant with untapped garden potential

If you’re an adventurous gardener in Puerto Rico who loves the idea of growing something truly unique and native, this plant could be worth investigating further.

Growing Conditions and Care

While specific cultivation information for Erythroxylum rufum is limited, we can make some educated assumptions based on its native status and growth habit:

  • Climate: As a Puerto Rican native, it’s adapted to tropical conditions
  • Size planning: Give it space to grow – this shrub can reach 13-16 feet in height and likely spreads proportionally
  • Soil: Likely prefers well-draining soils typical of its native habitat
  • Maintenance: As a perennial woody shrub, it should provide long-term structure to your landscape

The Responsible Approach

If you’re interested in growing rufous false cocaine, we’d strongly recommend:

  • Consulting with local botanists or native plant societies in Puerto Rico
  • Ensuring any plants you source are ethically and sustainably obtained
  • Contributing to citizen science by documenting your growing experience
  • Connecting with other native plant enthusiasts who might have experience with this species

The Bottom Line

Erythroxylum rufum represents the kind of plant that makes native gardening both challenging and rewarding. While we can’t give you a complete growing guide (yet!), we can tell you that choosing native species like this one is always a step in the right direction for supporting local ecosystems and preserving botanical heritage.

If you do decide to take on the challenge of growing rufous false cocaine, you’ll be pioneering the cultivation of a truly special native plant – and who knows? Your experience might help other gardeners discover this hidden gem in the future.

Rufous False Cocaine

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Linales

Family

Erythroxylaceae Kunth - Coca family

Genus

Erythroxylum P. Br. - coca

Species

Erythroxylum rufum Cav. - rufous false cocaine

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA