North America Native Plant

Rousselia

Botanical name: Rousselia

USDA symbol: ROUSS

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Non-native, reproduces and persists in the wild in the lower 48 states âš˜ Native to Puerto Rico âš˜ Native to the U.S. Virgin Islands  

Rousselia: A Lesser-Known Tropical Plant for Specialized Gardens If you’ve stumbled across the name Rousselia in your plant research, you’ve discovered one of the more mysterious members of the botanical world. This relatively uncommon plant belongs to the coffee family (Rubiaceae) and represents a small genus that most gardeners haven’t ...

Rousselia: A Lesser-Known Tropical Plant for Specialized Gardens

If you’ve stumbled across the name Rousselia in your plant research, you’ve discovered one of the more mysterious members of the botanical world. This relatively uncommon plant belongs to the coffee family (Rubiaceae) and represents a small genus that most gardeners haven’t encountered in their local nurseries.

What Exactly is Rousselia?

Rousselia is a forb – essentially an herbaceous flowering plant without woody stems above ground. Think of it as similar to wildflowers or garden perennials in terms of structure. These plants can be either annual or perennial, meaning they might live for just one season or return year after year, depending on the specific species and growing conditions.

Where Does Rousselia Come From?

This plant has an interesting geographic story. While Rousselia is native to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, it has also established itself in Florida. In the continental United States, it’s considered a non-native species that has naturalized – meaning it reproduces on its own in the wild without human intervention.

Currently, you’ll find Rousselia growing in Florida, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, where it has adapted to local growing conditions.

Should You Consider Growing Rousselia?

Here’s where things get a bit tricky for the home gardener. Rousselia falls into that challenging category of plants where detailed growing information is scarce. While it’s not currently listed as invasive or noxious, the lack of comprehensive horticultural data means you’d be entering somewhat uncharted territory.

Since specific information about its growing requirements, mature size, aesthetic qualities, and garden performance isn’t readily available, most gardeners would be better served by choosing well-documented native alternatives that offer similar ecological benefits with proven garden performance.

Native Alternatives to Consider

If you’re drawn to the idea of growing plants from the coffee family or looking for interesting forbs for your garden, consider these well-documented native options:

  • Wild coffee (Psychotria species) – native coffee family plants with attractive berries
  • Partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) – a beautiful annual legume
  • Native wildflowers specific to your region that provide similar ecological benefits

The Bottom Line on Rousselia

While Rousselia might seem intriguing, the lack of detailed growing information makes it a challenging choice for most gardeners. Unless you’re a plant collector with experience growing unusual species or conducting botanical research, you’ll likely have more success and greater ecological impact by choosing native plants with well-established growing guidelines.

If you’re specifically interested in supporting pollinators and local wildlife, focusing on regionally native plants will give you the best results with much less guesswork involved in the growing process.

Sometimes the most responsible approach to unusual plants is admiring them in their natural habitat while cultivating better-understood native species in our gardens.

Rousselia

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Hamamelididae

Order

Urticales

Family

Urticaceae Juss. - Nettle family

Genus

Rousselia Gaudich. - rousselia

Species

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA