North America Native Plant

Rough Flatsedge

Botanical name: Cyperus retrofractus

USDA symbol: CYRE4

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Cyperus dipsaciformis Fernald (CYDI11)  âš˜  Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. var. dipsaciformis (Fernald) Kük. (CYRED)  âš˜  Scirpus retrofractus L. (SCRE4)   

Rough Flatsedge: A Humble Native Sedge Worth Getting to Know If you’re looking to add authentic native character to your landscape without all the fuss, rough flatsedge (Cyperus retrofractus) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming perennial sedge won’t win any beauty contests, but it brings something special ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: New Jersey

Status: S1?: Inexact rank: ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘ New Jersey Highlands region ⚘ New Jersey Pinelands region ⚘ Possibly Extinct: Known only from historical occurrences. Still some hope of rediscovery ⚘ Endangered: In danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. ⚘

Region: New Jersey

Rough Flatsedge: A Humble Native Sedge Worth Getting to Know

If you’re looking to add authentic native character to your landscape without all the fuss, rough flatsedge (Cyperus retrofractus) might just be your new best friend. This unassuming perennial sedge won’t win any beauty contests, but it brings something special to the table: genuine nativity and rock-solid reliability.

What Exactly Is Rough Flatsedge?

Rough flatsedge is a native perennial sedge that’s been quietly doing its thing across the eastern and southeastern United States for centuries. Don’t let the grass-like appearance fool you – this is actually a member of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), which means it’s more closely related to your bog plants than your lawn grass.

You might occasionally see this plant listed under its scientific synonyms, including Cyperus dipsaciformis or Scirpus retrofractus, but they’re all referring to the same humble little native.

Where Does Rough Flatsedge Call Home?

This sedge has quite an impressive range, naturally occurring across 21 states from Texas to New Jersey, and from Florida up to Ohio. You’ll find it scattered throughout Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s where things get interesting – and important. Rough flatsedge isn’t just another common native. In Arkansas, it carries a rarity status of S1?, meaning it’s critically imperiled. In New Jersey, it’s listed as Endangered and receives special protection in both the Pinelands and Highlands regions.

What does this mean for you as a gardener? If you’re interested in growing rough flatsedge, make absolutely sure you’re getting your plants or seeds from a reputable native plant nursery that sources responsibly. Never collect from wild populations – you could be removing some of the last remaining plants from an area.

Why Choose Rough Flatsedge?

Let’s be honest – rough flatsedge isn’t going to stop traffic with its stunning blooms. But it offers something increasingly valuable: authentic local character and bulletproof reliability. Here’s what makes it worth considering:

  • True native status supporting local ecosystems
  • Low maintenance once established
  • Drought tolerant in most conditions
  • Excellent for naturalized landscapes and restoration projects
  • Provides authentic regional character

Growing Conditions and Care

The good news about rough flatsedge is that it’s refreshingly undemanding. This sedge thrives in USDA hardiness zones 6 through 9, making it suitable for most temperate gardens in its native range.

It prefers well-drained soils and can handle everything from full sun to partial shade. Once established, it’s quite drought tolerant – a real plus in our changing climate. The wetland status varies by region, but generally, this plant prefers upland conditions and doesn’t need consistently moist soil.

Perfect Garden Settings

Rough flatsedge shines brightest in naturalized settings where its subtle beauty can be appreciated alongside other native plants. Consider it for:

  • Native plant gardens focused on local flora
  • Restoration projects
  • Erosion control on slopes
  • Naturalized meadow areas
  • Low-maintenance ground cover in appropriate settings

Planting and Maintenance Tips

Once you’ve sourced your plants responsibly, rough flatsedge is pleasantly low-maintenance. Plant in spring or fall, water regularly during the first growing season to help establishment, then step back and let it do its thing.

You can cut it back in late winter if desired, though it’s not strictly necessary. The plant may self-seed in appropriate conditions, which is actually a good thing – you’ll be supporting local genetic diversity.

The Bottom Line

Rough flatsedge might not be the showstopper of your garden, but it offers something increasingly precious: genuine connection to your local landscape’s heritage. If you’re drawn to authentic native gardening and can source plants responsibly, this humble sedge deserves consideration.

Just remember – with rarity comes responsibility. Choose your sources carefully, and you’ll be supporting both your local ecosystem and conservation efforts. Sometimes the most important plants are the ones that whisper rather than shout.

Rough Flatsedge

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Cyperaceae Juss. - Sedge family

Genus

Cyperus L. - flatsedge

Species

Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. - rough flatsedge

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA