Reed Canarygrass: Why This Aggressive Spreader Should Stay Out of Your Garden
If you’ve ever wandered near a wetland or stream and noticed dense stands of tall, somewhat uninspiring grass dominating the landscape, you’ve likely encountered reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). While this perennial grass might seem like a practical choice for wet areas of your property, there’s a compelling reason to think twice before planting it – and that reason rhymes with invasive.
What Exactly Is Reed Canarygrass?
Reed canarygrass is a tall, robust perennial grass that can reach up to 5 feet in height. This rhizomatous grass spreads both by seed and underground stems, forming dense colonies that can quickly dominate an area. The plant produces narrow, green leaves and small, yellowish flower clusters that aren’t particularly showy – think function over form.
You might also see this plant referred to by its botanical synonyms, including Phalaroides arundinacea, though reed canarygrass remains the most common name.
The Invasion Problem
Here’s where things get complicated. Reed canarygrass is considered invasive in several states, including Connecticut, Delaware, Missouri, North Carolina, and Wisconsin (where it’s listed as restricted). This aggressive spreader has a talent for muscling out native plants and creating monocultures that provide limited ecological value.
The plant’s rapid growth rate and ability to spread vegetatively make it particularly troublesome in wetland environments, where it can quickly transform diverse native plant communities into monotonous reed canarygrass prairies.
Where You’ll Find It
Reed canarygrass has an extensive range across North America, growing in states and provinces from Alberta to Newfoundland and from Alaska down to Arizona. Its wide distribution reflects both its adaptability and its success as an introduced species in many regions.
Growing Conditions and Habitat
This grass is particularly well-suited to wet environments, with wetland status ranging from Obligate Wetland in some regions to Facultative Wetland in others. It thrives in:
- Consistently moist to wet soils
- Areas with high moisture and fertility requirements
- pH ranges from 5.5 to 8.0
- Full sun conditions (shade intolerant)
- USDA hardiness zones 3-9
The plant demonstrates high anaerobic tolerance, meaning it can handle waterlogged conditions that would stress many other plants. It’s also quite cold-hardy, tolerating temperatures down to -38°F.
Why Gardeners Should Avoid Reed Canarygrass
Despite its ability to control erosion and tolerate challenging growing conditions, reed canarygrass presents several significant drawbacks for home gardeners:
- Aggressive spreading: The rapid vegetative spread rate means it can quickly escape intended areas
- Limited wildlife value: Dense stands provide poor habitat diversity for wildlife
- Difficult to control: Once established, it’s challenging to remove or contain
- Legal restrictions: Some states classify it as invasive or restricted
- Poor aesthetic appeal: Inconspicuous flowers and tendency to form monotonous stands
Better Native Alternatives
Instead of reed canarygrass, consider these native wetland grasses and plants that provide similar erosion control benefits without the invasive drawbacks:
- Blue joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis): A native wetland grass with better wildlife value
- Sedges (Carex species): Diverse group of native wetland plants with excellent erosion control properties
- Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum): Native prairie grass that handles wet conditions and provides wildlife benefits
- Wild rice (Zizania species): Native aquatic grass that’s excellent for wildlife
The Bottom Line
While reed canarygrass might seem like a practical solution for challenging wet areas, its invasive nature and tendency to create ecological deserts make it a poor choice for responsible gardeners. The aggressive spreading habit that makes it effective for erosion control also makes it a threat to native plant communities.
Instead of taking a chance with this problematic grass, opt for native alternatives that provide similar benefits without the ecological baggage. Your local wildlife – and your neighbors – will thank you for making the more responsible choice.
