North America Native Plant

Red Turtlehead

Botanical name: Chelone obliqua var. obliqua

USDA symbol: CHOBO

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Red Turtlehead: A Late-Blooming Native Beauty for Your Garden If you’re looking for a native perennial that brings unique charm and late-season color to your garden, red turtlehead (Chelone obliqua var. obliqua) might just be your new favorite plant. With its quirky turtle-shaped flowers and reliable performance, this southeastern native ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Alabama

Status: S4T3T4Q: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Uncertain taxonomy: ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Subspecies or varieties is apparently secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the region or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘ Critically Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) ⚘

Region: Alabama

Red Turtlehead: A Late-Blooming Native Beauty for Your Garden

If you’re looking for a native perennial that brings unique charm and late-season color to your garden, red turtlehead (Chelone obliqua var. obliqua) might just be your new favorite plant. With its quirky turtle-shaped flowers and reliable performance, this southeastern native deserves a spot in more American gardens.

What Makes Red Turtlehead Special?

Red turtlehead gets its common name from its distinctive hooded flowers that really do look like tiny turtle heads poking out from their shells. The pink to rose-red blooms appear in dense clusters from late summer through fall, providing a welcome splash of color when many other flowers are calling it quits for the season.

This perennial forb grows as a non-woody plant that dies back to the ground each winter and returns reliably each spring. As a native species to the lower 48 states, it’s perfectly adapted to work with local ecosystems and wildlife.

Where Does Red Turtlehead Call Home?

Red turtlehead is native to the southeastern United States, naturally growing in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. This regional distribution makes it an excellent choice for gardeners in these areas who want to support local biodiversity.

A Word About Rarity

Before you rush out to plant red turtlehead, there’s something important to know. This plant has a global conservation status that indicates some concern, and in Alabama specifically, it’s considered quite rare with an S1 status. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t grow it—quite the opposite! Growing native plants can help support conservation efforts. However, it does mean you should only purchase plants from reputable nurseries that propagate their stock responsibly rather than collecting from wild populations.

Why Your Garden (and Local Wildlife) Will Love It

Red turtlehead isn’t just a pretty face—it’s a hardworking member of the garden community. As a late-blooming native, it provides crucial nectar when many other flowers have finished for the year. Bees, butterflies, and other pollinators will thank you for extending their food sources well into fall.

In your landscape design, red turtlehead works beautifully in:

  • Native plant gardens
  • Rain gardens and bioswales
  • Woodland garden edges
  • Pollinator gardens
  • Naturalized areas

Growing Red Turtlehead Successfully

The good news is that red turtlehead is relatively easy to grow once you understand its preferences. This plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 3-9, making it suitable for a wide range of climates.

Perfect Growing Conditions

Think of red turtlehead as a plant that likes to keep its feet wet—or at least consistently moist. It naturally grows in areas with reliable moisture, so your success will largely depend on meeting this need. The plant tolerates both partial shade and full sun, though it appreciates some afternoon shade in hotter climates.

Soil-wise, red turtlehead is surprisingly adaptable. It handles clay soils well and doesn’t mind slightly acidic to neutral pH levels. The key is consistent moisture rather than perfect drainage.

Planting and Care Tips

Red turtlehead is refreshingly low-maintenance once established:

  • Plant in spring after the last frost
  • Space plants about 18-24 inches apart
  • Water regularly the first year to establish strong roots
  • Mulch around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds
  • Divide clumps every 3-4 years in early spring if desired
  • Cut back to ground level after first hard frost

One thing to keep in mind: red turtlehead can spread via underground rhizomes, so it may gradually form colonies. This isn’t aggressive spreading, but rather a gentle expansion that can actually be beneficial in naturalized settings.

Is Red Turtlehead Right for Your Garden?

Red turtlehead is an excellent choice if you:

  • Want to support native wildlife and pollinators
  • Have a spot with consistent moisture
  • Appreciate unique, conversation-starting flowers
  • Live within its native range
  • Want low-maintenance perennials

However, it might not be the best fit if you have very dry conditions or are looking for a plant that blooms throughout the growing season rather than just late summer and fall.

The Bottom Line

Red turtlehead offers gardeners a chance to grow something truly special—a native plant with unique beauty that supports local ecosystems while requiring minimal care. Its late-season blooms and wildlife benefits make it a valuable addition to the native plant palette. Just remember to source your plants responsibly, and you’ll be rewarded with years of turtle-headed charm in your garden.

Red Turtlehead

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Chelone L. - turtlehead

Species

Chelone obliqua L. - red turtlehead

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA