North America Native Plant

Red Hawthorn

Botanical name: Crataegus erythrocarpa

USDA symbol: CRER3

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: shrub

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Red Hawthorn: A Rare Native Treasure Worth Knowing Meet the red hawthorn (Crataegus erythrocarpa), a native shrub that’s something of a botanical mystery. While most gardeners are familiar with common hawthorns, this particular species is a bit of an enigma – and that’s exactly what makes it so intriguing for ...

Red Hawthorn: A Rare Native Treasure Worth Knowing

Meet the red hawthorn (Crataegus erythrocarpa), a native shrub that’s something of a botanical mystery. While most gardeners are familiar with common hawthorns, this particular species is a bit of an enigma – and that’s exactly what makes it so intriguing for native plant enthusiasts.

What Makes Red Hawthorn Special?

Red hawthorn is a native perennial shrub that belongs to the extensive and sometimes confusing world of American hawthorns. As a true native species of the lower 48 states, it represents the kind of authentic regional flora that savvy gardeners are increasingly seeking for their landscapes.

Like other hawthorns, this species grows as a multi-stemmed woody shrub, typically staying under 13-16 feet in height. It can occasionally grow taller or develop a more tree-like single stem depending on growing conditions, but generally maintains that classic shrub form that makes hawthorns so versatile in landscape design.

Where Does Red Hawthorn Call Home?

This native beauty has a rather limited geographic distribution, naturally occurring in North Carolina and West Virginia. This restricted range suggests it may be adapted to very specific regional conditions, making it particularly valuable for gardeners in these areas who want to grow truly local plants.

The Challenge and Appeal of Growing Red Hawthorn

Here’s where things get interesting – and a bit challenging. Red hawthorn appears to be quite rare, with limited information available about its specific growing requirements, appearance, and garden performance. This scarcity could mean several things:

  • It may be a naturally rare species with very specific habitat needs
  • It might be easily confused with other hawthorn species
  • It could be a regional variant that hasn’t been widely studied or cultivated

Should You Try Growing Red Hawthorn?

If you’re gardening in North Carolina or West Virginia and you manage to find red hawthorn from a reputable native plant source, it could be a fascinating addition to your landscape. However, given its apparent rarity, here are some important considerations:

The Pros:

  • Authentic native species for your region
  • Likely provides typical hawthorn benefits like wildlife habitat and spring flowers
  • Supports local ecosystem relationships
  • Conversation starter for fellow native plant enthusiasts

The Challenges:

  • Very difficult to source
  • Limited growing information available
  • May have very specific habitat requirements
  • Uncertain garden performance

Alternative Native Hawthorn Options

If you’re drawn to the idea of native hawthorns but can’t locate red hawthorn, consider looking for other native hawthorn species that occur in your region. Your local native plant society or extension office can help identify which hawthorn species are native to your specific area and more readily available.

Growing Tips (When Information is Limited)

While specific care instructions for red hawthorn are scarce, most native hawthorns share some common preferences:

  • Generally prefer full sun to partial shade
  • Often adaptable to various soil types
  • Usually drought-tolerant once established
  • May benefit from protection when young
  • Often prefer not to be overly pampered

If you do acquire red hawthorn, treat it like the potential treasure it is – plant it carefully, observe its preferences, and document its growth habits. You might be contributing valuable knowledge about this mysterious native species.

The Bottom Line

Red hawthorn represents the kind of botanical mystery that makes native gardening so rewarding. While it may not be the easiest plant to find or grow, its status as a true regional native makes it worth knowing about. Whether you ever actually plant one or simply appreciate knowing it exists in your local flora, red hawthorn reminds us that there’s still so much to discover in the world of native plants – sometimes right in our own backyards.

Red Hawthorn

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Rosales

Family

Rosaceae Juss. - Rose family

Genus

Crataegus L. - hawthorn

Species

Crataegus erythrocarpa Ashe - red hawthorn

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA