North America Native Plant

Rare Loco Milkvetch

Botanical name: Astragalus leptocarpus

USDA symbol: ASLE10

Life cycle: annual

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Hamosa leptocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb. (HALE8)   

Rare Loco Milkvetch: A Precious Native Annual Worth Protecting Meet the rare loco milkvetch (Astragalus leptocarpus), a humble yet important native annual that quietly plays a vital role in the ecosystems of the south-central United States. While it may not be the showiest plant in your garden, this little legume ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Arkansas

Status: S2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘

Rare Loco Milkvetch: A Precious Native Annual Worth Protecting

Meet the rare loco milkvetch (Astragalus leptocarpus), a humble yet important native annual that quietly plays a vital role in the ecosystems of the south-central United States. While it may not be the showiest plant in your garden, this little legume carries significant conservation value and offers unique benefits for dedicated native plant enthusiasts.

A True Southern Native

Rare loco milkvetch is genuinely native to the lower 48 states, specifically calling Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas home. This annual plant is part of the vast Astragalus genus, which includes hundreds of species across North America. You might also encounter it listed under its botanical synonym, Hamosa leptocarpa.

Important Conservation Note

Before considering this plant for your garden, know this: rare loco milkvetch has a rarity status of S2 in Arkansas, meaning it’s considered imperiled in the state. If you’re interested in growing this species, please only source seeds or plants from reputable native plant suppliers who use responsibly collected material. Never collect from wild populations.

What Makes It Special

As an annual legume, rare loco milkvetch completes its entire life cycle in one growing season. Like other members of the pea family, it produces small flowers typical of legumes and develops slender seed pods (hence leptocarpus, which means slender fruit). While we don’t have detailed information about its exact appearance, most Astragalus species feature:

  • Small, pea-like flowers in shades of purple, pink, or white
  • Compound leaves with multiple small leaflets
  • Distinctive narrow seed pods
  • Low-growing, often spreading growth habit

Garden Role and Landscape Use

Rare loco milkvetch isn’t your typical garden centerpiece, and that’s perfectly fine! This plant shines in specialized settings:

  • Native plant conservation gardens
  • Prairie restoration projects
  • Educational botanical collections
  • Naturalized areas where rare natives can be appreciated

As a member of the legume family, it likely provides nitrogen fixation benefits to the soil, making it a valuable component in native plant communities.

Pollinator and Wildlife Benefits

While specific wildlife data isn’t available for this species, Astragalus plants typically support native pollinators, particularly smaller native bees. The flowers provide nectar and pollen, while the seeds may feed small birds and other wildlife. Every native plant, no matter how modest, plays a role in supporting local biodiversity.

Growing Conditions and Care

Based on its native range across the south-central states, rare loco milkvetch likely thrives in USDA hardiness zones 7-9. Like most prairie natives, it probably prefers:

  • Full sun exposure
  • Well-drained soils
  • Minimal supplemental watering once established
  • Natural rainfall patterns of its native region

As an annual, you’ll need to allow it to complete its seed cycle for natural reseeding, or collect seeds for replanting the following year.

Should You Grow Rare Loco Milkvetch?

This plant is perfect for gardeners who are passionate about native plant conservation and have access to responsibly sourced material. It’s not for everyone – if you’re looking for dramatic garden impact or easy-to-find plants, you might want to start with more common natives from your region.

However, if you’re dedicated to supporting rare native species and understand the responsibility that comes with growing conservation plants, rare loco milkvetch could be a meaningful addition to your specialized native garden. Just remember: source responsibly, grow carefully, and share seeds with other conservation-minded gardeners to help preserve this precious piece of our native plant heritage.

Consider this plant a living reminder that sometimes the most important garden residents are the quiet ones working behind the scenes to maintain the delicate balance of our native ecosystems.

Rare Loco Milkvetch

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Fabales

Family

Fabaceae Lindl. - Pea family

Genus

Astragalus L. - milkvetch

Species

Astragalus leptocarpus Torr. & A. Gray - rare loco milkvetch

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA