North America Native Plant

Quillwort

Botanical name: Isoetes ×hickeyi

USDA symbol: ISHI2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Canada âš˜ Native to the lower 48 states  

The Mysterious Quillwort: Meet Isoetes ×hickeyi Ever wondered about those peculiar grass-like tufts you might spot growing in shallow water or soggy soil? You could be looking at a quillwort – specifically, the fascinating Isoetes ×hickeyi, also known as Hickey’s quillwort. Don’t let the humble appearance fool you; this little ...

The Mysterious Quillwort: Meet Isoetes ×hickeyi

Ever wondered about those peculiar grass-like tufts you might spot growing in shallow water or soggy soil? You could be looking at a quillwort – specifically, the fascinating Isoetes ×hickeyi, also known as Hickey’s quillwort. Don’t let the humble appearance fool you; this little plant is actually a living fossil with a story that stretches back millions of years!

What Exactly Is a Quillwort?

Quillworts aren’t your typical garden plants. They’re actually ancient relatives of ferns and clubmosses, belonging to a group called lycophytes. Think of them as botanical time travelers – their ancestors were towering trees in prehistoric forests! Today’s quillworts have downsized considerably, but they’ve retained their unique way of life.

Isoetes ×hickeyi forms small rosettes of narrow, cylindrical leaves that emerge from an underground stem called a corm. These leaves look remarkably like miniature grass blades or – you guessed it – quills, hence the charming common name. The × in the scientific name indicates this is actually a hybrid species, making it even more special.

Where Does This Plant Call Home?

This perennial quillwort is a true North American native, found naturally in parts of Canada and the United States. You’ll find it growing in Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Wisconsin, where it thrives in the cool, clean waters of lakes and wetlands.

The Wetland Specialist

Here’s where things get interesting for water gardeners and wetland enthusiasts. Isoetes ×hickeyi is what botanists call an obligate wetland plant, which means it almost always lives in wet conditions. You’ll typically find it growing in shallow water or on muddy shores where the ground stays consistently saturated.

This specialized lifestyle makes it a fantastic indicator of healthy wetland ecosystems. If you’re lucky enough to spot quillworts in a natural area, you’re looking at a sign of good water quality and ecological balance.

Is It Right for Your Garden?

Let’s be honest – quillworts aren’t for everyone’s garden. They’re definitely what you’d call niche plants! However, if you’re creating a bog garden, working on wetland restoration, or have a water feature that mimics natural pond conditions, Isoetes ×hickeyi could be a unique addition.

Here’s what makes them garden-worthy:

  • They’re incredibly low-maintenance once established in the right conditions
  • They add authentic native character to water gardens
  • They’re conversation starters – not many people grow living fossils!
  • They support wetland ecosystem health

However, keep in mind that they won’t provide showy flowers or dramatic foliage. Their beauty lies in their subtle, natural appearance and fascinating biology.

How to Identify a Quillwort

Spotting quillworts in the wild (or in your water garden) is easier once you know what to look for:

  • Small rosettes of narrow, cylindrical leaves growing from a central point
  • Leaves are typically 2-6 inches long and very slender
  • Often found growing in shallow water or on wet, muddy shores
  • No visible flowers – they reproduce by spores
  • May be partially or completely submerged

Growing Conditions and Care

If you’re determined to try growing this unique plant, here’s what it needs to thrive:

  • Consistent moisture – think bog-like conditions or shallow standing water
  • Full sun to partial shade
  • Cool to moderate temperatures (hardy in USDA zones 3-7)
  • Clean, non-polluted water if growing aquatically
  • Sandy or muddy substrate

The biggest challenge? Finding plants to begin with! Quillworts are specialty plants that aren’t commonly available at garden centers. If you’re serious about growing them, you’ll likely need to connect with native plant societies or wetland restoration specialists.

The Bottom Line

Isoetes ×hickeyi is undoubtedly a plant for enthusiasts rather than casual gardeners. It’s perfect for those passionate about native plants, wetland ecosystems, or simply collecting unusual species. While it won’t win any beauty contests in the traditional sense, it offers something far more valuable – a direct connection to hundreds of millions of years of plant evolution.

If you have the right wet conditions and appreciate plants with extraordinary backstories, this humble quillwort might just be the perfect addition to your collection. After all, how many gardeners can say they’re growing a living fossil?

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Northcentral & Northeast

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Quillwort

Classification

Group

Quillwort

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Isoetales

Family

Isoetaceae Dumort. - Quillwort family

Genus

Isoetes L. - quillwort

Species

Isoetes ×hickeyi W.C. Taylor & N. Luebke [lacustris × tenella] - quillwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA