North America Native Plant

Quillwort

Botanical name: Isoetes ×herbwagneri

USDA symbol: ISHE2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Discovering the Mysterious World of Quillworts: Montana’s Hidden Aquatic Treasure If you’ve ever wondered about the ancient plants that quietly inhabit our wetlands, let me introduce you to one of nature’s most intriguing survivors: the quillwort, specifically Isoetes ×herbwagneri. This fascinating plant represents a living link to prehistoric times, and ...

Discovering the Mysterious World of Quillworts: Montana’s Hidden Aquatic Treasure

If you’ve ever wondered about the ancient plants that quietly inhabit our wetlands, let me introduce you to one of nature’s most intriguing survivors: the quillwort, specifically Isoetes ×herbwagneri. This fascinating plant represents a living link to prehistoric times, and understanding what it is can help you appreciate the incredible diversity hiding in plain sight in our aquatic environments.

What Exactly Is a Quillwort?

Quillworts belong to an ancient group of plants that have been around for hundreds of millions of years. Unlike the flowering plants we’re familiar with in our gardens, quillworts are more closely related to ferns and reproduce using spores rather than seeds. Isoetes ×herbwagneri is particularly special because the × in its name indicates it’s a hybrid – essentially nature’s own cross between two different quillwort species.

These perennial plants are technically classified as forbs, but don’t let that fool you into thinking they’re your typical garden herbs. They’re aquatic specialists that have evolved to thrive in very specific wetland conditions.

Where to Find This Rare Hybrid

Here’s where things get really interesting: Isoetes ×herbwagneri is found in only one state in the entire United States – Montana. This extremely limited distribution makes it one of the rarest plant hybrids in North America.

Identifying Quillworts in the Wild

Spotting a quillwort can be tricky because they often look like underwater grass at first glance. Here’s what to look for:

  • Thin, quill-like leaves that emerge from a central base (hence the name quillwort)
  • Leaves typically 2-8 inches long, depending on water depth
  • Often completely submerged or growing in very shallow water
  • Grows in small clusters or patches
  • Leaves may appear grass-like but are actually quite stiff

Their Vital Role in Wetland Ecosystems

As obligate wetland plants, quillworts play crucial roles in their aquatic ecosystems. They’re indicators of healthy wetland conditions and help stabilize sediments with their root systems. Because they’re always found in wetlands, their presence signals important habitat that supports numerous other species.

Why Quillworts Matter to Gardeners

While you won’t be planting quillworts in your typical garden bed, understanding these plants helps us appreciate the incredible diversity of our native flora. For gardeners interested in creating naturalistic water features or rain gardens, knowing about plants like quillworts can inspire us to think beyond conventional plantings.

If you’re lucky enough to spot Isoetes ×herbwagneri in Montana’s wetlands, consider yourself privileged to witness one of nature’s rarest botanical phenomena. These ancient survivors remind us that some of the most fascinating plants are often the most overlooked ones, quietly thriving in specialized habitats while connecting us to Earth’s distant past.

Conservation Considerations

Given its extremely limited range, this hybrid quillwort likely faces conservation challenges. Climate change, habitat loss, and water quality issues could all impact its survival. While we may not cultivate it in our gardens, we can support wetland conservation efforts that protect the unique habitats where these remarkable plants continue their ancient existence.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Quillwort

Classification

Group

Quillwort

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Isoetales

Family

Isoetaceae Dumort. - Quillwort family

Genus

Isoetes L. - quillwort

Species

Isoetes ×herb-wagneri W.C. Taylor [bolanderi × echinospora] - quillwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA