North America Native Plant

Quillwort

Botanical name: Isoetes ×bruntonii

USDA symbol: ISBR8

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Quillwort: The Underwater Grass That’s Actually Ancient If you’ve ever wondered about those mysterious grass-like tufts you might spot in shallow pond waters, you could be looking at a quillwort! Meet Isoetes ×bruntonii, a fascinating aquatic plant that’s been quietly thriving in Virginia’s wetlands. Don’t let its simple appearance fool ...

Quillwort: The Underwater Grass That’s Actually Ancient

If you’ve ever wondered about those mysterious grass-like tufts you might spot in shallow pond waters, you could be looking at a quillwort! Meet Isoetes ×bruntonii, a fascinating aquatic plant that’s been quietly thriving in Virginia’s wetlands. Don’t let its simple appearance fool you – this little plant is actually a living fossil with some pretty amazing secrets.

What Exactly Is a Quillwort?

Despite looking like underwater grass, quillworts are actually much more ancient and unique. They’re perennial plants that belong to a group called lycopods, making them distant relatives of ferns rather than true grasses. Think of them as nature’s time travelers – their ancestors were around when dinosaurs roamed the Earth!

Isoetes ×bruntonii grows as small, grass-like tufts that remain completely submerged in water. The × in its name tells us this is a hybrid species, meaning it formed naturally when two different quillwort species decided to mix things up.

Where You’ll Find This Aquatic Wonder

This particular quillwort is a true Virginia native, found only in the Old Dominion State. It’s what we call an obligate wetland plant, which is a fancy way of saying it absolutely must live in water – no compromises, no dry spells, just pure aquatic living.

Is Quillwort Beneficial for Your Garden?

Here’s where things get interesting (and a bit challenging). While Isoetes ×bruntonii is undoubtedly cool from an ecological perspective, it’s not exactly what you’d call garden-friendly. Here’s why:

  • It requires permanent submersion in clean, shallow water
  • It has zero ornamental appeal for most gardeners
  • It’s extremely difficult to cultivate outside its natural habitat
  • It offers no benefits to pollinators (it reproduces via spores, not flowers)

However, if you’re one of those adventurous gardeners with a natural pond or specialized aquatic garden setup, quillworts can play an important role in maintaining water quality and providing habitat for aquatic wildlife.

How to Identify Quillwort

Spotting a quillwort takes a keen eye since they’re masters of blending in. Here’s what to look for:

  • Small tufts of narrow, grass-like leaves growing from the bottom of shallow water
  • Leaves are typically 2-8 inches long and emerge in a rosette pattern
  • Always completely submerged – if it’s poking above water, it’s probably not a quillwort
  • Found in clean, still or slow-moving water
  • No visible flowers (remember, they reproduce with spores!)

The Bottom Line for Gardeners

Unless you’re managing a natural pond system or have a serious passion for aquatic plant conservation, Isoetes ×bruntonii probably isn’t destined for your garden wishlist. Its extremely specialized needs and limited aesthetic appeal make it more of a appreciate from afar kind of plant.

However, if you’re lucky enough to spot one in the wild during a Virginia wetland adventure, take a moment to appreciate this living piece of ancient history. These humble little plants have been perfecting the art of underwater living for millions of years – and that’s pretty spectacular in its own quiet way.

For most water garden enthusiasts, consider more garden-friendly native aquatic plants that can provide similar ecological benefits while being much easier to establish and maintain in home water features.

Wetland Status

The rule of seasoned gardeners and landscapers is to choose the "right plant for the right place" matching plants to their ideal growing conditions, so they'll thrive with less work and fewer inputs. But the simplicity of this catchphrase conceals how tricky plant selection is. While tags list watering requirements, there's more to the story.

Knowing a plant's wetland status can simplify the process by revealing the interaction between plants, water, and soil. Surprisingly, many popular landscape plants are wetland species! And what may be a wetland plant in one area, in another it might thrive in drier conditions. Also, it helps you make smarter gardening choices and grow healthy plants with less care and feeding, saving you time, frustration, and money while producing an attractive garden with greater ecological benefits.

Regions
Status
Moisture Conditions

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Eastern Mountains and Piedmont

OBL

Obligate Wetland - Plants with this status almost always occurs in wetlands

Quillwort

Classification

Group

Quillwort

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision
Division

Lycopodiophyta - Lycopods

Subdivision
Class

Lycopodiopsida

Subclass
Order

Isoetales

Family

Isoetaceae Dumort. - Quillwort family

Genus

Isoetes L. - quillwort

Species

Isoetes ×bruntonii D.A. Knepper & L.J. Musselman [engelmannii × hyemalis] - quillwort

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA