North America Native Plant

Pumpelly’s Brome

Botanical name: Bromus inermis pumpellianus var. arcticus

USDA symbol: BRINA

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: grass

Native status: Native to Alaska ⚘ Native to Canada ⚘ Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Bromus inermis Leyss. var. aristatus Schur ex Scribn. & Merr. (BRINA2)  ⚘  Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub ssp. arctica (Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve & D. Löve (BRPUA)  ⚘  Bromus pumpellianus Scribn. var. arcticus (Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) A.E. Porsild (BRPUA2)   

Pumpelly’s Brome: A Hardy Native Grass for Northern Gardens If you’re gardening in the far north and looking for a resilient native grass that can handle the toughest conditions Mother Nature throws at it, let me introduce you to Pumpelly’s brome (Bromus inermis pumpellianus var. arcticus). This hardy perennial grass ...

Pumpelly’s Brome: A Hardy Native Grass for Northern Gardens

If you’re gardening in the far north and looking for a resilient native grass that can handle the toughest conditions Mother Nature throws at it, let me introduce you to Pumpelly’s brome (Bromus inermis pumpellianus var. arcticus). This hardy perennial grass might not win any beauty contests, but it’s got character and grit that make it a valuable addition to the right garden.

What is Pumpelly’s Brome?

Pumpelly’s brome is a cool-season perennial grass that’s perfectly adapted to life in the Arctic and subarctic regions. You might also see it listed under various scientific synonyms, including Bromopsis pumpelliana ssp. arctica or Bromus pumpellianus var. arcticus, but they’re all referring to the same tough-as-nails plant.

Where Does It Call Home?

This grass is a true North American native, naturally occurring across Alaska, Canada, and select northern states including Maine, Michigan, and New York. It’s also found in Canada’s Yukon and Northwest Territories. Think of it as nature’s answer to extreme northern gardening – if it can thrive in the Arctic tundra, it can probably handle your northern garden too.

Should You Plant Pumpelly’s Brome in Your Garden?

Here’s the thing about Pumpelly’s brome – it’s not for everyone, and that’s perfectly okay. This grass shines in specific situations:

  • You’re gardening in USDA zones 1-4 (possibly zone 5)
  • You need erosion control on slopes or disturbed areas
  • You’re creating a naturalized meadow or prairie restoration
  • You want low-maintenance native plants that can survive harsh winters
  • You’re working on habitat restoration projects in northern regions

However, if you’re looking for showy ornamental grasses or live in warmer climates, you might want to explore other options that are better suited to your needs.

Growing Conditions and Care

Pumpelly’s brome is refreshingly undemanding once you understand its preferences. This grass thrives in:

  • Cool climates with cold winters
  • Full sun to partial shade conditions
  • Well-drained soils (though it’s quite adaptable)
  • Areas with minimal summer heat stress

The best part? Once established, this grass requires very little maintenance. It’s drought-tolerant and can handle poor soils that would leave other plants struggling.

Planting and Establishment Tips

Getting Pumpelly’s brome started is straightforward if you follow these guidelines:

  • Plant seeds in fall or early spring when soil temperatures are cool
  • Direct seeding works well – no need for transplants
  • Lightly rake seeds into the soil surface
  • Keep the seeded area moist until germination occurs
  • Be patient – establishment may take a full growing season

Landscape Uses and Design Ideas

While Pumpelly’s brome won’t be the star of your flower border, it plays important supporting roles in northern landscapes. Consider using it for:

  • Stabilizing slopes and preventing erosion
  • Creating naturalized meadow areas
  • Filling in challenging spots where other grasses struggle
  • Providing habitat structure in wildlife gardens
  • Adding authentic native character to restoration projects

Wildlife and Ecological Benefits

As a native grass, Pumpelly’s brome supports local ecosystems in subtle but important ways. While it’s wind-pollinated and doesn’t directly attract pollinators like flowering plants do, it provides habitat structure and may offer seeds for wildlife, particularly in northern regions where food sources can be limited.

The Bottom Line

Pumpelly’s brome isn’t flashy, but it’s authentic and reliable – qualities that matter a lot in northern gardening. If you’re working with challenging conditions in zones 1-4 and need a native grass that can handle whatever winter throws at it, this could be your perfect match. Just remember that specialized plants like this one work best when you embrace their unique character rather than trying to make them into something they’re not.

For gardeners in warmer zones or those seeking more ornamental options, consider exploring other native grasses better suited to your specific region and garden goals. The key is finding the right plant for the right place – and in the far north, Pumpelly’s brome definitely has its place.

Pumpelly’s Brome

Classification

Group

Monocot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Subclass

Commelinidae

Order

Cyperales

Family

Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family

Genus

Bromus L. - brome

Species

Bromus inermis Leyss. - smooth brome

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA