North America Native Plant

Puffballs

Botanical name: Marshallia caespitosa var. caespitosa

USDA symbol: MACAC2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Puffballs: A Charming Native Wildflower for Your Garden If you’re looking for a delightful native wildflower that brings both charm and ecological value to your garden, meet the puffballs (Marshallia caespitosa var. caespitosa). This perennial gem might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s definitely one of ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Arkansas

Status: S2: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘

Puffballs: A Charming Native Wildflower for Your Garden

If you’re looking for a delightful native wildflower that brings both charm and ecological value to your garden, meet the puffballs (Marshallia caespitosa var. caespitosa). This perennial gem might not be the showiest plant in your garden, but it’s definitely one of the most endearing – and its rounded flower heads really do look like tiny white puffballs scattered across the landscape!

What Makes Puffballs Special

Puffballs are true American natives, belonging to the sunflower family and calling the south-central United States home. As a perennial forb (that’s gardener-speak for a non-woody herbaceous plant), this little beauty comes back year after year, gradually forming small clumps that add texture and interest to any native garden.

The plant gets its common name from its distinctive flower heads – dense, rounded clusters of small white to pale pink flowers that bloom from spring through early summer. These puffball blooms sit atop slender stems and create a soft, almost ethereal effect in the garden.

Where Puffballs Call Home

This native wildflower naturally occurs across Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. It’s perfectly adapted to the climate and growing conditions of these regions, making it an excellent choice for gardeners wanting to create landscapes that work with, rather than against, their local environment.

Important Conservation Note

Before you rush out to find puffballs for your garden, here’s something important to know: this species has a rarity status of S2 (imperiled) in Arkansas, meaning it’s at risk in that state. If you live in Arkansas or plan to source plants from there, make sure you’re working with reputable native plant nurseries that propagate their stock rather than wild-collecting. Better yet, consider growing from responsibly sourced seeds to help increase the population of this lovely native.

Why Your Garden (and Local Wildlife) Will Love Puffballs

There are several compelling reasons to include puffballs in your native plant palette:

  • Pollinator magnet: The nectar-rich flowers attract native bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects
  • Low maintenance: Once established, these tough little plants are quite drought tolerant
  • Long blooming: Flowers appear from spring through early summer, providing extended color
  • Native authenticity: Supporting local ecosystems by planting true natives
  • Unique texture: The rounded flower heads add interesting form to wildflower gardens

Perfect Places for Puffballs

Puffballs shine brightest in:

  • Prairie and wildflower gardens
  • Native plant landscapes
  • Naturalized areas and meadows
  • Wildlife gardens focused on supporting pollinators
  • Low-maintenance landscape areas

Growing Puffballs Successfully

The good news is that puffballs are relatively easy to grow if you can meet their basic needs:

Climate: Hardy in USDA zones 6-9, making them suitable for most of their native range and similar climates.

Sun requirements: Full sun is best – these prairie natives love bright, open conditions.

Soil needs: Well-drained soil is crucial. They’re not fussy about soil type but won’t tolerate waterlogged conditions.

Water requirements: Drought tolerant once established, but regular watering during the first growing season helps them get settled.

Planting and Care Tips

Getting puffballs established in your garden is straightforward:

  • Timing: Plant in spring after the last frost or in fall at least 6-8 weeks before hard freeze
  • Spacing: Allow 12-18 inches between plants to accommodate their clumping growth habit
  • Establishment: Water regularly the first year, then reduce watering as drought tolerance develops
  • Maintenance: Very low maintenance once established – you can deadhead spent flowers if desired, but it’s not necessary
  • Winter care: Leave spent stems standing through winter for wildlife habitat, then cut back in late winter/early spring

The Bottom Line

Puffballs might not be the flashiest native wildflower, but they’re certainly one of the most charming and ecologically valuable. Their unique rounded blooms, pollinator appeal, and low-maintenance nature make them excellent additions to native gardens throughout their range. Just remember to source them responsibly, especially if you’re in Arkansas where they’re considered imperiled. By growing these delightful natives, you’re not just beautifying your landscape – you’re helping support local ecosystems and potentially contributing to the conservation of a special little wildflower.

Puffballs

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Asterales

Family

Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl - Aster family

Genus

Marshallia Schreb. - Barbara's buttons

Species

Marshallia caespitosa Nutt. ex DC. - puffballs

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA