North America Native Plant

Psilopilum Moss

Botanical name: Psilopilum cavifolium

USDA symbol: PSCA10

Habit: nonvascular

Native status: Native to North America  

Synonyms: Oligotrichum laevigatum (Wahlenb.) Bruch & Schimp. var. cavifolium (Wilson) Frye (OLLAC)   

Discovering Psilopilum Moss: A Hardy North American Bryophyte Meet psilopilum moss (Psilopilum cavifolium), a fascinating little bryophyte that’s been quietly carpeting the forest floors and rocky outcrops of North America’s cooler regions for thousands of years. While you might not immediately think of adding moss to your garden wish list, ...

Discovering Psilopilum Moss: A Hardy North American Bryophyte

Meet psilopilum moss (Psilopilum cavifolium), a fascinating little bryophyte that’s been quietly carpeting the forest floors and rocky outcrops of North America’s cooler regions for thousands of years. While you might not immediately think of adding moss to your garden wish list, this unassuming plant has some pretty remarkable qualities that make it worth getting to know.

What Exactly Is Psilopilum Moss?

Psilopilum moss belongs to the bryophyte family – those ancient, non-flowering plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Unlike your typical garden plants, this moss doesn’t have true roots, stems, or leaves in the traditional sense. Instead, it’s a terrestrial green plant that often prefers to attach itself to solid surfaces like rocks, fallen logs, or even living tree bark rather than settling into soil.

You might occasionally see this species listed under its scientific synonym, Oligotrichum laevigatum var. cavifolium, but don’t let the fancy names intimidate you – it’s still the same hardy little moss.

Where Does Psilopilum Moss Call Home?

This moss is a true North American native, thriving in the continent’s boreal and subarctic regions. You’re most likely to encounter it in Alaska, across Canada, and in the northern United States, where it enjoys the cool, moist conditions these areas provide.

Spotting Psilopilum Moss in the Wild

Identifying psilopilum moss requires a keen eye, as it tends to form small, unobtrusive patches. Look for:

  • Small, cushion-like growth patterns
  • Preference for shaded, moist environments
  • Attachment to rocks, logs, or tree bark rather than growing directly in soil
  • Presence in cooler climates, particularly USDA hardiness zones 1-6

Is Psilopilum Moss Beneficial for Your Garden?

While psilopilum moss won’t attract butterflies or produce showy blooms, it can offer some subtle benefits to the right garden setting:

Natural Character: In woodland gardens or naturalistic landscapes, this moss adds authentic texture and helps create that untouched by human hands aesthetic that many gardeners crave.

Erosion Control: Like many mosses, psilopilum moss can help stabilize soil and prevent erosion on slopes or around water features.

Low Maintenance: Once established in suitable conditions, mosses generally require minimal care – no fertilizing, mowing, or deadheading needed!

Habitat Creation: While we don’t have specific data on wildlife benefits for this particular species, mosses in general provide microhabitats for tiny insects and other small creatures.

The Reality of Growing Psilopilum Moss

Here’s where we need to set realistic expectations: psilopilum moss isn’t your typical garden center purchase. This species has very specific requirements that make it challenging to cultivate intentionally:

  • Requires consistently cool, moist conditions
  • Prefers acidic growing environments
  • Needs specific temperature ranges found in northern climates
  • Doesn’t transplant easily from wild locations

If you live in the southern United States or other warm regions, this moss simply won’t be happy in your garden. However, if you’re in zones 1-6 and have naturally occurring cool, shaded, moist areas, you might be lucky enough to find it appearing on its own.

Appreciating What You Have

Rather than trying to introduce psilopilum moss to your garden, your best bet is to learn to recognize and appreciate it if it’s already growing in your area. If you spot it during nature walks or even in your own yard, consider it a sign of a healthy, balanced ecosystem.

For gardeners interested in incorporating moss-like groundcovers, consider looking into other native bryophytes that might be more suitable for cultivation in your specific region. Your local native plant society or extension office can provide guidance on moss species that naturally occur in your area and might be more amenable to garden life.

Sometimes the most beautiful gardens are the ones that work with nature’s existing patterns rather than trying to impose our will upon them – and psilopilum moss is a perfect example of a plant that’s happiest when left to do its own thing in its preferred wild spaces.

Psilopilum Moss

Classification

Group

Moss

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Bryophyta - Mosses

Subdivision

Musci

Class

Bryopsida - True mosses

Subclass

Bryidae

Order

Polytrichales

Family

Polytrichaceae Schwägr.

Genus

Psilopilum Brid. - psilopilum moss

Species

Psilopilum cavifolium (Wilson) I. Hagen - psilopilum moss

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA