North America Native Plant

Primrose Monkeyflower

Botanical name: Mimulus primuloides var. linearifolius

USDA symbol: MIPRL2

Life cycle: perennial

Habit: forb

Native status: Native to the lower 48 states  

Synonyms: Mimulus linearifolius (A.L. Grant) Pennell (MILI7)  âš˜  Mimulus linearis auct. non Benth. (MILI8)  âš˜  Mimulus primuloides Benth. ssp. linearifolius (A.L. Grant) Munz (MIPRL)   

Primrose Monkeyflower: A Rare California Alpine Gem If you’re drawn to unique alpine plants with delicate charm, you might have stumbled across the primrose monkeyflower (Mimulus primuloides var. linearifolius). This petite perennial is one of California’s more elusive native treasures, but before you start planning where to plant it, there ...

Rare plant alert!

Region: Conservation status by state

Status: S4T2T3: Status is uncertain but is somewhere between the following rankings: Subspecies or variety is imperiled: Extremely rare due to factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) ⚘ Subspecies or variety is vulnerable: Either very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or factors are making it vulnerable to extinction. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. ⚘ Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread. Possibly cause for longterm concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences in the state or more than 10,000 individuals ⚘

Primrose Monkeyflower: A Rare California Alpine Gem

If you’re drawn to unique alpine plants with delicate charm, you might have stumbled across the primrose monkeyflower (Mimulus primuloides var. linearifolius). This petite perennial is one of California’s more elusive native treasures, but before you start planning where to plant it, there are some important things every gardener should know about this special little wildflower.

What Makes This Plant Special

The primrose monkeyflower is a California native that belongs to the fascinating world of monkeyflowers – plants known for their distinctive tubular blooms that some say resemble a monkey’s face (though you might need to squint a bit to see it!). As a perennial forb, this plant returns year after year, forming low-growing clumps without any woody stems.

This particular variety has quite the collection of scientific aliases, having been known by several names including Mimulus linearifolius and Mimulus primuloides ssp. linearifolius – a common occurrence in the botanical world as scientists refine their understanding of plant relationships.

Where Does It Call Home?

This monkeyflower is exclusively native to California, where it grows in specialized mountain habitats. You won’t find this beauty growing wild in your typical backyard conditions – it’s adapted to very specific alpine and subalpine environments that are quite different from most garden settings.

A Word of Caution: Rarity Matters

Here’s where things get important: the primrose monkeyflower has a Global Conservation Status of S4T2T3, which indicates conservation concerns. This means the plant is considered rare and potentially vulnerable in its natural habitat. For responsible gardeners, this raises some serious considerations.

If you’re interested in growing this plant, it’s crucial to:

  • Only obtain plants or seeds from reputable sources that use responsibly collected material
  • Never collect plants or seeds from wild populations
  • Consider whether your garden can truly meet its specialized needs
  • Think about supporting conservation efforts for this species instead

Garden Potential and Growing Challenges

Let’s be honest – the primrose monkeyflower isn’t your typical garden center find, and there’s good reason for that. This alpine specialist has very particular requirements that make it challenging for most home gardeners to grow successfully.

Based on its natural habitat, this plant likely needs:

  • Cool temperatures and excellent drainage
  • Specialized soil conditions similar to its mountain homes
  • Protection from hot, dry conditions
  • Possibly winter chill requirements

It would be most suited to specialized rock gardens or alpine garden collections, probably thriving in USDA zones 6-8, though exact requirements are not well-documented.

Better Alternatives for Most Gardeners

Unless you’re an experienced alpine gardener with the proper setup, you might want to consider other California native monkeyflowers that are more readily available and better suited to general garden conditions. Plants like sticky monkeyflower (Mimulus aurantiacus) or scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) can give you that monkeyflower charm without the conservation concerns.

Supporting Conservation

Sometimes the best way to appreciate a rare plant is to support its conservation in the wild rather than trying to grow it at home. Consider donating to botanical gardens, native plant societies, or conservation organizations working to protect California’s alpine habitats where this special monkeyflower naturally thrives.

The primrose monkeyflower reminds us that not every beautiful native plant is meant for our gardens – and that’s perfectly okay. Sometimes admiring from afar and supporting conservation efforts is the most responsible way to show our appreciation for these botanical treasures.

Primrose Monkeyflower

Classification

Group

Dicot

Kingdom

Plantae - Plants

Subkingdom

Tracheobionta - Vascular plants

Superdivision

Spermatophyta - Seed plants

Division

Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants

Subdivision
Class

Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Subclass

Asteridae

Order

Scrophulariales

Family

Scrophulariaceae Juss. - Figwort family

Genus

Mimulus L. - monkeyflower

Species

Mimulus primuloides Benth. - primrose monkeyflower

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA