North America Native Plant

Pore Lichen

Botanical name: Pertusaria papillata

USDA symbol: PEPA50

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Pore Lichen: The Fascinating Natural Air Quality Indicator in Your Garden Have you ever noticed those crusty, whitish-gray patches growing on the bark of your mature trees or garden rocks? Meet the pore lichen (Pertusaria papillata), one of nature’s most interesting and beneficial organisms that might already be calling your ...

Pore Lichen: The Fascinating Natural Air Quality Indicator in Your Garden

Have you ever noticed those crusty, whitish-gray patches growing on the bark of your mature trees or garden rocks? Meet the pore lichen (Pertusaria papillata), one of nature’s most interesting and beneficial organisms that might already be calling your garden home!

What Exactly Is Pore Lichen?

Unlike the plants we typically think about for our gardens, pore lichen isn’t actually a plant at all. It’s a fascinating partnership between a fungus and algae (or sometimes cyanobacteria) that work together as one organism. This unique relationship allows lichens to create their own food while providing us with some pretty amazing benefits.

Pertusaria papillata gets its common name pore lichen from the distinctive small, pore-like openings called ostioles that dot its surface. These tiny holes are actually the lichen’s way of releasing spores for reproduction.

Where You’ll Find Pore Lichen

This native North American species can be found across temperate regions of the continent, growing naturally on tree bark and rocky surfaces. It’s particularly fond of older trees with rougher bark textures, where it can establish its crusty, patch-like growth.

Why Pore Lichen Is Actually Great for Your Garden

Before you think about removing these gray patches from your trees, consider this: pore lichen is like having a natural air quality monitor in your backyard! Here’s why you should welcome it:

  • Air quality indicator: Lichens are extremely sensitive to air pollution, so their presence indicates clean, healthy air
  • Ecosystem health sign: A thriving lichen population suggests your garden ecosystem is in good balance
  • Natural character: Adds authentic woodland charm and aged beauty to your landscape
  • Zero maintenance: Requires absolutely no care from you once established
  • Harmless to trees: Unlike some growths, lichens don’t harm their host trees

How to Identify Pore Lichen

Spotting Pertusaria papillata in your garden is easier than you might think. Look for these key characteristics:

  • Color: Whitish to pale gray, sometimes with a slight greenish tint
  • Texture: Crusty and rough, forming thick patches
  • Surface features: Distinctive small pores (ostioles) scattered across the surface
  • Growth pattern: Forms irregular patches that can expand slowly over time
  • Location: Typically found on tree bark, particularly older trees, and sometimes on rocks

What Type of Garden Suits Pore Lichen?

Pore lichen thrives in natural, undisturbed garden settings. It’s perfect for:

  • Woodland gardens with mature trees
  • Natural landscapes with minimal intervention
  • Areas with good air circulation and clean air
  • Gardens that embrace a wild or naturalistic aesthetic

The Reality of Growing Pore Lichen

Here’s the thing about lichens – you can’t really plant them like traditional garden plants. They establish themselves naturally when conditions are right. You can’t buy pore lichen at your local nursery or start it from seeds. Instead, it appears on its own when:

  • Air quality is good
  • Suitable substrate (tree bark or rocks) is available
  • Moisture levels are appropriate
  • The area isn’t disturbed frequently

Caring for Your Garden’s Natural Lichen Population

The best way to support pore lichen in your garden is surprisingly simple – leave it alone! However, you can create conditions that encourage its natural establishment:

  • Avoid using chemical pesticides or fertilizers near affected trees
  • Don’t scrub or pressure wash tree bark
  • Maintain good air circulation around trees
  • Avoid excessive foot traffic around the base of trees
  • Keep mature trees healthy through proper pruning and care

Should You Be Concerned About Pore Lichen?

Absolutely not! If you discover pore lichen growing in your garden, consider it a badge of honor. It means your outdoor space has clean air and a healthy ecosystem. Unlike some organisms that can harm plants, lichens are completely harmless to their host trees and actually indicate environmental health.

The presence of Pertusaria papillata and other lichens suggests you’re doing something right with your gardening practices. So next time you spot those crusty gray patches with their characteristic tiny pores, give them a little nod of appreciation – they’re nature’s way of telling you your garden is thriving!

Pore Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Lecanorales

Family

Pertusariaceae Körb.

Genus

Pertusaria DC. - pore lichen

Species

Pertusaria papillata (Ach.) Tuck. - pore lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA